Table 1.

Different studies on BBB penetration by different compounds in ALF.

Study	ALF model	Tracer for BBB permeability	Results
Dixit and Chang [24]	D-galactosamine induced ALF rats	Trypan blue	+
Laursen et al. [22]	PCA rats	HRP	+
Zaki et al. [26]	PCA rats	Amino acid	+
Horowitz et al. [27]	Galactosamine-induced ALF rats	Aminoisobutyric acid	+
Lv et al. [12]	D-galactosamine/liposaccharide	Evans blue	+
Chavarria et al. [28]	PCA rats	14C-labeled sucrose	−
Sarna et al. [29]	PCA rats	Amino acid	−
Alexander et al. [30]	Portacaval shunting rats	Labelled mannitol and amino acids	−
Ahl et al. [33]	Patients	Ammonia	+
Lockwood et al. [34]	Patients	Ammonia	+
Sørensen and Keiding [35]	Patients	Ammonia	+
Goldbecker et al. [32]	Patients	Ammonia	−

PCA: a model which mimics the condition of portal-systemic shunting in patients with liver cirrhosis.