Figure 9.

Treatment with galangin suppresses TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in normal human ASMC. ASMC were cultured with 10 ng/mL TNF-α in the presence or absence of 10 μM galangin for 0, 1, 10, and 30 minutes. The level of NF-κB P65 in the nucleus was measured by western blot (a). Cells were cultured with 10 ng/mL TNF-α, or TNF-α and galangin (1 μM and 10 μM), or TNF-α and 10 μM TPCA-1. The level of NF-κB P65 in the nucleus was measured by western blot (b). Data are expressed as means ± SEM of three experiments. ^# P < 0.05 compared with the control group; *P < 0.05 compared with TNF-α alone.