Table 1.
Sample Characteristics and Descriptive Statistics for Variables in the Analysis.
| Freq. | % | M | SD | Range | α | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 69 | 47% | ||||
| Female | 78 | 53% | ||||
| Age | 12.47 | 0.81 | 11-15 | |||
| Tribal affiliation | ||||||
| Multitribal | 30 | 21% | ||||
| Single tribe | 112 | 78% | ||||
| No tribe | 1 | 1% | ||||
| Parental ethnicity | ||||||
| Mother is American Indian | 117 | 82% | ||||
| Mother is not American Indian | 26 | 18% | ||||
| Father is American Indian | 97 | 68% | ||||
| Father is not American Indian | 46 | 32% | ||||
| Ethnic self-identification | ||||||
| American Indian only | 73 | 52% | ||||
| Mixed AI and non-American Indian | 61 | 44% | ||||
| No ethnic group self-identification | 6 | 4% | ||||
| Years lived on reservation | 4.34 | 4.76 | 0-14 | |||
| Frequency visits reservation | 4.36 | 1.68 | 1-7 | |||
| Tribal language exposure and proficiency | 2.17 | 0.74 | 1-4 | 0.76 | ||
| American Indian spirituality | 2.74 | 0.80 | 1-4 | 0.83 | ||
| American Indian traditions/practices | 2.25 | 0.79 | 1-4 | 0.90 | ||
| Cultural orientation | ||||||
| Bicultural | 21 | 16% | ||||
| “Indian way” | 68 | 52% | ||||
| “White way” | 7 | 5% | ||||
| Neither “Indian” nor “White” way | 36 | 27% | ||||
| Strength of AI ethnic identity (MEIM overall) | 3.09 | 0.59 | 1-4 | 0.92 | ||
| AI ethnic exploration (MEIM subscale) | 2.92 | 0.60 | 1-4 | 0.81 | ||
| AI ethnic attachment (MEIM subscale) | 3.22 | 0.67 | 1-4 | 0.90 |