A, experimental design. Neurons were permeabilized using local application of β-escin in ATP- and calcium-free bath solution. B, the activity of KATP channels increased within 1 min after cytoplasmic ATP washed out, and it was not further modified by 10 μm kainate. C, the addition of 1 mm ATP after permeabilization inhibited KATP channels, and subsequent application of kainate increased the open state probability (Popen), but was weaker than in the intact cells (Fig. 2). D, the addition of 1 mm ADP after permeabilization enhanced KATP channel activity, and 10 μm kainate did not change it further. The traces show channel openings during voltage ramps from +20 to −80 mV. The mean slope conductance in all experiments was 75 ± 4 pS. Histograms present the mean values during the treatments in (B–D) and their significance (*P < 0.1; **P < 0.01), with the number of experiments in the bars.