Table 4. Parenting stress by clinical categories.
| N | PIP Difficulty Mean (SD) | PIP Frequency Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Family Functioning | |||
| Healthy | 111 | 78.19 (26.48) | 85.73 (27.78) |
| Unhealthy | 9 | 108.11 (29.95)A | 111.78 (233.62)A |
| CBCL Internalizing | |||
| Normal | 89 | 71.35 (22.51)B,C | 79.73 (25.93)B,C |
| Borderline | 19 | 108.11 (27.86)A | 111.00 (25.17)A |
| Clinically-elevated | 12 | 102.21 (20.82)A | 107.04 (23.07)A |
| YSR Internalizing | |||
| Normal | 84 | 74.99 (26.14)C | 82.06 (27.51)B |
| Borderline | 11 | 93.45 (29.96) | 106.45 (27.29)A |
| Clinically-elevated | 21 | 92.93 (29.19)A | 95.98 (29.16) |
| CBCL Externalizing | |||
| Normal | 116 | 79.75 (27.85) | 86.67 (28.44) |
| Borderline | 3 | 97.00 (19.08) | 114.00 (27.87) |
| Clinically-elevated | 1 | 97.00* | 101.00* |
| YSR Externalizing | |||
| Normal | 100 | 81.01 (28.20) | 87.73 (28.74) |
| Borderline | 11 | 80.18 (27.58) | 87.82 (30.88) |
| Clinically-elevated | 5 | 60.40 (22.94) | 69.20 (23.91) |
Note: CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; YSR = Youth Self-report;
A
Significantly differs from Normal/Healthy;
B
Significantly differs from Borderline,
C
Significantly differs from Clinically-elevated;
*
Cell size too small to calculate standard deviation