Table 3.

Effects of genistein on β-cell function in animal diabetic models

Model	Genistein (µM)	Duration	Effect	Mechanism	Ref
C57Bl/6J, 1 mo. old, STZ at 40mg/kg BW×5 d.	250 mg/kg of diet	2 wk	↓ FBG, ↑ serum insulin, improved glucose tolerance, ↑ β cell mass & ↓ apoptosis in diabetics	Preservation of functional β cell mass	56
C57BL/6 10-mo. old, STZ, 90 mg/kg BW	250 mg/kg diet	1 mo. in high-fat diet	↓ FBG, ↑ serum insulin, & ↓ β cell apoptosis in diabetics		84
C57BL/6 8 wk old, STZ, 45 mg/kg BW×5d	10 mg/kg BW via I.P. injection (3/wk)	10 wk	↓ FBG, ↓ proteinuria, albumin, nephrin & collagen excretions, ↓ oxidative stress	Increased renal phospho-Tyr and phospho- ERK/ERK	81
♀ NOD mice, 8 wk old	200 mg/kg diet	9 wk	↓ FBG, ↑ plasma insulin & C-peptide, ↓BUN, ↑ insulin in β-cells, ↓ gluconeogenis in liver, ↓ plasma FFA & triglyceride, & ↑ HDL		89
♂ Sprague Dawley, 7–8 wk old, alloxan-220 mg/kg BW	30 mg/kg BW oral gavage	4 wk post-alloxan injection	↓ FBG, improved glucose tolerance, ↑ serum insulin, preserved islet mass		80
Isolated islets	6.25, 12.5 and 25 µM	24 h	12.5 & 25 µM prevented apoptosis		80
♂ Sprague Dawley, (80–90 g), STZ, 50 mg/kg BW	600 mg/kg diet (after STZ)	3 wk	↓ FBG and ↑ plasma insulin, ↓ HbA1C, ↓ hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities		79