Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and endoscopic and EUS findings.
| Headings | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age/sex | 35/M | 40/F | 50/M | 38/F | 23/M |
| Cause of portal hypertension | Cirrhosis (HCV) | Cirrhosis (HBV) | EHPVO, Cirrhosis (HBV) | EHPVO | Cirrhosis (alcohol) |
| Presenting symptom | LGIB 1st episode | LGIB 1st episode | LGIB 1st episode | Persistent LGIB after hemorrhoidectomy | Recurrent LGIB |
| Endoscopy finding | Tortuous varices | Tortuous varices | Tortuous varices | Normal rectal mucosa with presence of fresh blood | Appearance of Dieulafoy's ulcer |
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| EUS findings | |||||
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| (a) Inflow zone—size and number | 3-4 (mm)/one | 3-4 (mm)/one | 2-3 (mm)/one | 3-4 (mm)/one | 3-4 (mm)/one |
| (b) Downflow zone—size and number | 2-3/multiple | 2-3/multiple | 2-3/multiple | 2-3/multiple | 2-3/multiple |
| (c) Outflow zone (LR)—size and number | 1-2/multiple | 1-2/multiple | 1-2/multiple | 1-2/multiple | 1-2/multiple |
| (d) Outflow zone—anal canal and number | Absent | Absent | ~1 mm/multiple | Absent | ~1 mm/multiple |
HBV: hepatitis B virus, HCV: hepatitis C virus, inflow zone = 8–10 cm distance from anal verge, downflow zone = 6–8 cm distance from anal verge, outflow zone—upper rectum = 4–6 cm from anal verge, Outflow zone—anal canal = 1–4 cm from anal verge, LR: lower rectum.