Table 4.
Effects of obesity, P. balsamifera, and salicortin treatments on tissue components involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
| DIO | P. balsamifera 125 mg/kg | P. balsamifera 250 mg/kg | DIO | Salicortin 12.5 mg/kg | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle | |||||
| Glut4 | 150 ± 63 | 321 ± 174 | 151 ± 52 | 70 ± 33 | 59 ± 7 |
| pAkt/Akt | 214 ± 59† | 195 ± 47 | 267 ± 82 | 96 ± 23 | 120 ± 29 |
| phospho p44/42 Mapk/44/42Mapk | 178 ± 83 | 99 ± 15 | 273 ± 84 | 47 ± 11 | 146 ± 34§ |
| pAMPk/AMPk | 138 ± 43 | 79 ± 10 | 97 ± 22 | 108 ± 16 | 108 ± 22 |
| pACC/ACC | 122 ± 28 | 171 ± 56 | 157 ± 38 | 106 ± 22 | 89 ± 26 |
| PPARα/β-actine | 97 ± 23 | 229 ± 50§ | 143 ± 44 | 195 ± 90 | 162 ± 69 |
| FAS/β-actine | 118 ± 30 | 100 ± 39 | 77 ± 18 | 114 ± 16 | 143 ± 29 |
|
| |||||
| Liver | |||||
| pAkt/Akt | 66 ± 14 | 139 ± 18* | 124 ± 17* | 106 ± 28 | 129 ± 37 |
| phospho p44/42 Mapk/44/42Mapk | 68 ± 21 | 48 ± 21 | 66 ± 14 | 109 ± 35 | 96 ± 44 |
| pACC/ACC | 105 ± 41 | 117 ± 74 | 114 ± 62 | 71 ± 26 | 77 ± 31 |
| PPARα/β-actine | 63 ± 6† | 88 ± 20 | 75 ± 13 | 107 ± 26 | 147 ± 26 |
| UCP-2/β-actine | 94 ± 19 | 107 ± 29 | 88 ± 26 | 151 ± 32 | 149 ± 27 |
| CPT-l/β-actine | 84 ± 12 | 100 ± 8 | 86 ± 9 | 86 ± 6 | 83 ± 9 |
| FAS/β-actine | 69 ± 17 | 69 ± 22 | 59 ± 25 | 86 ± 27 | 74 ± 15 |
| SREBPl-c/β-actine | 88 ± 16 | 112 ± 27 | 121 ± 37 | 109 ± 14 | 109 ± 17 |
| CD36/β-actine | 63 ± 7† | 93 ± 19 | 64 ± 3 | 69 ± 8† | 67 ± 6 |
| pIKKαβ/β-actine | 108 ± 23 | 62 ± 31 | 75 ± 12 | 114 ± 21 | 129 ± 21 |
|
| |||||
| Adipose tissue | |||||
| pAkt/Akt | 112 ± 13 | 186 ± 37 (P = 0.068) |
110 ± 15 | 138 ± 18 | 109 ± 14 |
| phospho p44/42 Mapk/44/42Mapk | 133 ± 31 | 103 ± 12 | 79 ± 10 | 156 ± 23† | 128 ± 21 |
| PPARγ/β-actine | 73 ± 17 | 74 ± 15 | 102 ± 30 | 85 ± 12 | 116 ± 15 |
| pACC/ACC | 139 ± 46 | 119 ± 66 | 157 ± 70 | 95 ± 30 | 86 ± 20 |
| CPT-l/β-actine | 81 ± 9 | 86 ± 10 | 119 ± 19 (P = 0.079) |
89 ± 11 | 99 ± 14 |
| FABP4/β-actine | 85 ± 11 | 131 ± 11§ | 136 ± 19§ | 71 ± 6 | 83 ± 10 |
| FAS/β-actine | 40 ± 5† | 33 ± 8 | 56 ± 11 | 49 ± 7† | 45 ± 7 |
| SREBP-1 c/β-actine | 77 ± 6 | 88 ± 9 | 96 ± 19 | 86 ± 7 | 87 ± 11 |
Samples of muscle, liver, and WAT were obtained after 16 weeks of treatment with either standard diet (Chow), HFD (DIO), and for the last 8 of the 16 weeks with HFD in combination with P. balsamifera at 125 or 250 mg/kg, or with the active salicortin at 12.5 mg/kg. The samples were homogenized and analyzed by immunoblotting. Blots were quantified by densitometry. All values are expressed as percentage of respective Chow (reference set at 100%) and represent the mean ± SEM. The number of animals for each group for the P. balsamifera protocol was: CHOW (n = 12); DIO (n = 8); P. balsamifera 125 (n = 5); P. balsamifera 250 (n = 7); and for the salicortin protocol: CHOW (n = 12); DIO (n = 7); salicortin (n = 9). †denotes DIO significantly different as compared to Chow (unpaired Student's t test; P < 0.05). *denotes significantly different as compared to respective DIO (one way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test; P < 0.05).§denotes significantly different as compared to respective DIO (unpaired Student's t test; P < 0.05).