Table 2.

Multivariate Polychotomous Logistic Regression Comparing the Three Study Groups

	Living will vs. health care proxy			Living will vs. no living will or health care proxy			Health care proxy vs. no living will or health care proxy
Characteristics	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Age on ICU admission	1.3a	1.06–1.5	0.01	1.2a	1.03–1.43	0.03	0.9a	0.8–1.1	0.71
Raceb			<0.01			<0.01			0.25
White	2.7	1.5–5.0		3.2	1.77–5.88		1.2	0.9–1.6
Minorities/others	1.0			1.0			1.0
Insurance
Medicaid/none	0.1	0.03–0.7	0.008	0.2	0.04–0.07	0.004	1.1	0.7–1.8	0.56
Medicare	0.6	0.4–0.9	0.02	0.7	0.43–1.15	0.17	1.2	0.8–1.8	0.21
Commercial	1.0			1.0			1.0
Admitting service			0.08			<0.01			0.1
Medicine/others	1.3	0.9–1.9		0.6	0.40–0.84		0.8	0.6–1.1
Surgery	1.0			1.0			1.0

^aProportional change in OR for each 10 year increase in age. ^bMinorities/others include Asian/Indian, Black, Hispanic and other.

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit.