Table 5.

End-of-Life Care in the Intensive Care Unit

	Living will n = 176	Health care proxy n = 534	No living will or health care proxy n = 411
End of life
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation	5 (2.8%)	33 (6.2%)	24 (5.8%)
DNR in ICU	50 (28.4%)	124 (23.2%)	98 (23.8%)
No escalation of care	10 (5.7%)	27 (5.1%)	20 (4.8%)
Withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy	16 (9.1%)	45 (8.4%)	28 (6.8%)
Length of stay (mean ± SD)
Pre-ICU	10 ± 13.8 (n = 135)	9.7 ± 11.4 (n = 417)	8.0 ± 16.6 (n = 296)
ICU	7.8 ± 7.7	7.6 ± 9.0	6.2 ± 7.3
Post-ICU	13.8 ± 15.0 (n = 140)	15.5 ± 18.9 (n = 425)	14.8 ± 18.5 (n = 323)
Hospital total	26.5 ± 22.9	26.0 ± 26.1	24.0 ± 26.5
Mortality
ICU	36 (20.5%)	109 (20.4%)	88 (21.4%)
Hospital	62 (35.2%)	173 (32.4%)	146 (35.5%)

DNR, do not resuscitate; ICU, intensive care unit.