Table 2. Associations between participation in community-based organizations and uptake of HIV testing and counselling, 2003–2008.
| Males | Females | |||||||
| HTC uptake | Test for difference | HTC uptake | Test for difference | |||||
| Characteristic | n | N (%) | aOR* (95% CI) | P | n | N (%) | aOR* (95% CI) | P |
| CBO participation | ||||||||
| Yes | 43 | 286 (15.0) | 1.67 (1.15–2.43) | 0.007 | 574 | 1612 (35.6) | 1.26 (1.06–1.49) | 0.008 |
| No | 140 | 1526 (9.2) | 1 | 543 | 1836 (29.6) | 1 | ||
| Age-group | ||||||||
| 15–19 | 29 | 426 (6.8) | 1 | 127 | 421 (30.2) | 1 | – | |
| 20–34 | 97 | 836 (11.6) | 1.52 (0.95–2.43) | 0.082 | 520 | 1432 (36.3) | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | 0.51 |
| 35–54 | 57 | 550 (10.4) | 1.31 (0.74–2.33) | 0.35 | 470 | 1595 (29.5) | 0.96 (0.64–1.43) | 0.83 |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Village | 67 | 606 (11.1) | 1 | 576 | 1466 (39.3) | 1 | ||
| Roadside settlement | 38 | 334 (11.4) | 1.05 (0.63–1.75) | 0.84 | 252 | 745 (33.8) | 0.73 (0.59–0.90) | 0.004 |
| Agricultural estate | 49 | 619 (7.9) | 0.63 (0.41–0.97) | 0.034 | 183 | 864 (21.2) | 0.41 (0.30–0.56) | <0.001 |
| Small town | 29 | 253 (11.5) | 0.89 (0.55–1.42) | 0.62 | 106 | 373 (28.4) | 0.55 (0.40–0.74) | <0.001 |
| School education | ||||||||
| Primary or none | 43 | 518 (8.3) | 1 | 488 | 1726 (28.3) | 1 | ||
| Secondary or higher | 140 | 1294 (10.8) | 1.22 (0.80–1.85) | 0.35 | 629 | 1722 (36.5) | 1.21 (1.00–1.46) | 0.055 |
| Church | ||||||||
| Protestant | 64 | 633 (10.1) | – | 445 | 1316 (33.8) | 1 | ||
| Roman Catholic | 31 | 273 (11.4) | – | 232 | 565 (41.1) | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 0.72 | |
| Apostolic | 37 | 393 (9.4) | – | 267 | 999 (26.7) | 0.76 (0.63–0.92) | 0.004 | |
| Pentecostal | 8 | 126 (6.3) | – | 105 | 311 (33.8) | 1.15 (0.88–1.51) | 0.31 | |
| Traditional | 37 | 338 (10.9) | – | 41 | 175 (23.4) | 0.88 (0.58–1.32) | 0.53 | |
| Other | 6 | 49 (12.2) | – | 27 | 82 (32.9) | 1.16 (0.72–1.87) | 0.54 | |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Currently married | 105 | 982 (10.7) | – | 758 | 2272 (33.4) | 1 | ||
| Never married | 68 | 758 (9.0) | – | 126 | 475 (26.5) | 0.67 (0.50–0.90) | 0.008 | |
| Formerly married | 10 | 72 (13.9) | – | 233 | 701 (33.2) | 1.38 (1.15–1.65) | <0.001 | |
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Unemployed | 114 | 1170 (9.7) | – | 1020 | 3083 (33.1) | – | ||
| Employed | 69 | 642 (10.7) | – | 97 | 365 (26.6) | – | ||
| Poverty tercile | ||||||||
| Least poor | 85 | 711 (12.0) | 1 | 381 | 1175 (32.4) | 1 | ||
| Poor | 60 | 628 (9.6) | 0.80 (0.58–1.10) | 0.17 | 410 | 1190 (34.5) | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | 0.52 |
| Poorest | 38 | 473 (8.0) | 0.66 (0.43–1.03) | 0.068 | 326 | 1083 (30.1) | 0.80 (0.65–0.98) | 0.033 |
| Pregnancy in last 3 years | ||||||||
| No | – | – | 650 | 2492 (26.1) | 1 | |||
| Yes | – | – | 467 | 956 (48.8) | 3.49 (2.81–4.36) | <0.001 | ||
| HIV infection status | ||||||||
| Uninfected | 147 | 1577 (9.3) | 1 | 919 | 2846 (32.3) | – | ||
| Infected | 36 | 235 (15.3) | 1.76 (1.12–2.76) | 0.014 | 198 | 602 (32.9) | – | |
| Ever taken up HTC | ||||||||
| No | 152 | 1703 (8.9) | 1 | 909 | 3094 (29.4) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 31 | 108 (28.7) | 3.60 (2.16–5.99) | <0.001 | 208 | 353 (58.9) | 3.37 (2.64–4.31) | <0.001 |
Results based on individuals reporting membership of at least one community organization at baseline and again, after 3 years, at follow-up.
*Odds ratio for reporting HTC uptake between survey rounds for community-based organization (CBO) members compared with reports from nonmembers adjusted for other characteristics showing statistically significant (P < 0.1) effects after adjustment for age-group and location.