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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013 Feb 18;6(2):410–418. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.111.000152

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Secondary rise of Cai in HF ventricles. A, CaiTD map and optical Cai tracings at sites a and b. Red arrows on the tracing marks secondary rise of Cai. Area with secondary rise of Cai at baseline and after apamin infusion were encircled by blue and green lines respectively on the CaiTD map. Note that the area with secondary rise of Cai progressively diminished as PCL decrease. At site a with 350 ms PCL, apamin infusion made the secondary rise in Cai less apparent (black arrows) probably because of the increased duration of the initial Ca elevation during phase 2 of the action potential. In contrast, apamin infusion can also induce secondary rise of Cai in areas without them at baseline (site b, red arrows). B shows the CaiTD map of all 4 hearts with secondary rise in Cai at 350 ms PCL. Note that the distribution of these areas is heterogeneous before and after apamin infusion. CaiTD, intracellular Ca transient duration.

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure