Table 3. Mode of travel to work by respondent characteristics.
Characteristics | Private Transport | Public Transport | Walking | Bicycling | Total n | χ2 p-Value |
n [%] | n [%] | n [%] | n [%] | |||
Age (y) | ||||||
<35 | 216 [21.6] | 305 [30.5] | 143 [14.3] | 336 [33.6] | 1,000 | <0.001 |
35–55 | 968 [38.3] | 436 [17.3] | 276 [10.9] | 847 [33.5] | 2,527 | |
55+ | 116 [30.9] | 47 [12.5] | 60 [16.0] | 152 [40.5] | 375 | |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 1199 [35.2] | 605 [17.8] | 475 [14.0] | 1,123 [33.0] | 3,402 | <0.001 |
Male | 101 [20.2] | 173 [36.6] | 4 [0.8] | 212 [42.4] | 500 | |
Occupation | ||||||
Manual jobs | 546 [23.3] | 456 [19.5] | 373 [15.9] | 967 [41.3] | 2,342 | <0.001 |
Non-manual jobs | 754 [48.3] | 332 [21.3] | 106 [6.8] | 368 [23.6] | 1,560 | |
Caste/tribe status | ||||||
Scheduled castes | 176 [27.7] | 125 [19.7] | 99 [15.6] | 236 [37.1] | 636 | <0.001 |
Scheduled tribes | 38 [20.0] | 25 [13.2] | 42 [22.1] | 85 [44.7] | 190 | |
Other backward class | 358 [27.9] | 296 [23.1] | 199 [15.5] | 430 [33.5] | 1,283 | |
General | 728 [40.7] | 341 [19.0] | 138 [7.7] | 584 [32.6] | 1,791 | |
Standard of living | ||||||
Low | 95 [6.9] | 227 [16.5] | 217 [15.8] | 838 [60.9] | 1,377 | <0.001 |
Medium | 561 [39.1] | 375 [26.1] | 169 [11.8] | 330 [23.0] | 1,435 | |
High | 644 [59.1] | 186 [17.1] | 93 [8.5] | 167 [15.3] | 1,090 | |
Smoking status | ||||||
Non smoker | 1,097 [33.6] | 721 [22.1] | 394 [12.1] | 1,053 [32.3] | 3,265 | <0.001 |
Current smoker | 203 [31.9] | 67 [10.5] | 85 [13.3] | 282 [44.3] | 637 | |
Current alcohol intake | ||||||
No | 968 [32.1] | 670 [22.2] | 326 [10.8] | 1,055 [35.0] | 3,019 | <0.001 |
Yes | 332 [37.6] | 118 [13.4] | 153 [17.3] | 280 [31.7] | 883 | |
Dietary fat intake | ||||||
Low | 346 [26.6] | 194 [14.9] | 597 [45.9] | 164 [12.6] | 1,301 | <0.001 |
Medium | 484 [37.2] | 254 [19.5] | 401 [30.8] | 162 [12.5] | 1,301 | |
High | 470 [36.2] | 340 [26.2] | 337 [25.9] | 153 [11.8] | 1,300 | |
Leisure time physical activity a | ||||||
No | 612 [30.2] | 310 [15.3] | 248 [12.3] | 855 [42.2] | 2,025 | <0.001 |
Yes | 688 [36.7] | 478 [25.5] | 231 [12.3] | 480 [25.6] | 1,877 | |
Factory location | ||||||
North India (Lucknow) | 561 [45.6] | 116 [9.4] | 121 [9.8] | 436 [35.3] | 1,234 | <0.001 |
Central India (Nagpur) | 149 [18.6] | 286 [35.7] | 153 [19.1] | 213 [26.6] | 801 | |
South Central India (Hyderabad) | 364 [36.3] | 111 [11.1] | 185 [18.4] | 344 [34.3] | 1,004 | |
South India (Bangalore) | 226 [26.2] | 275 [31.9] | 20 [2.3] | 342 [39.6] | 863 | |
TOTAL | 1,300 [33.3] | 788 [20.2] | 479 [12.3] | 1335 [34.2] | 3,902 |
p-Values indicate whether sample characteristics differ significantly by mode of travel to work.
Undertaking any leisure time physical activity in the past month.
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001459.t003