Table 7. Within- and between-pair effects of mode of travel to work and overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

Outcome Measures	URR [95% CI]a	p-Value	ARR [95% CI]b	p-Value
Overweight and obesity
Private car within sibs	1.39 [1.29–1.48]	<0.001	1.18 [1.06–1.30]	0.004
Private car between sibs	1.46 [1.38–1.52]	<0.001	1.21 [1.11–1.30]	<0.001
Test within = between	0.27		0.71
Public transport within sibs	1.18 [1.01–1.35]	0.04	1.04 [0.86–1.24]	0.68
Public transport between sibs	1.02 [0.89–1.15]	0.75	1.07 [0.91–1.23]	0.42
Test within = between	0.16		0.84
Walking within sibs	1.22 [0.95–1.53]	0.13	1.16 [0.87–1.51]	0.29
Walking between sibs	0.45 [0.34–1.58]	<0.001	0.67 [0.51–0.87]	0.002
Test within = between	<0.001		0.006
Bicycle within sibs	0.39 [0.33–0.48]	<0.001	0.65 [0.53–0.81]	<0.001
Bicycle between sibs	0.59 [0.50–0.69]	<0.001	0.76 [0.65–0.91]	0.002
Test within = between	0.002		0.24
Doctor diagnosed hypertension
Private car within sibs	1.79 [1.42–2.22]	<0.001	1.39 [0.99–1.88]	0.06
Private car between sibs	1.88 [1.58–2.21]	<0.001	1.37 [1.05–1.75]	0.02
Test within = between	0.73		0.95
Public transport within sibs	1.46 [1.03–2.01]	0.04	1.33 [0.84–2.03]	0.22
Public transport between sibs	0.85 [0.63–1.12]	0.25	1.05 [0.72–1.52]	0.78
Test within = between	0.02		0.44
Walking within sibs	1.36 [0.84–2.12]	0.21	1.16 [0.63–2.04]	0.62
Walking between sibs	0.64 [0.44–0.95]	0.03	0.82 [0.50–1.33]	0.43
Test within = between	0.02		0.39
Bicycle within sibs	0.29 [0.21–0.42]	<0.001	0.45 [0.28–0.69]	<0.001
Bicycle between sibs	0.52 [0.39–0.68]	<0.001	0.59 [0.41–0.86]	0.006
Test within = between	0.008		0.28
Doctor diagnosed diabetes
Private car within sibs	2.13 [1.51–2.91]	<0.001	1.28 [0.83–1.91]	0.27
Private car between sibs	1.75 [1.36–2.22]	<0.001	1.09 [0.79–1.47]	0.60
Test within = between	0.36		0.55
Public transport within sibs	1.38 [0.84–2.19]	0.20	1.20 [0.69–2.04]	0.52
Public transport between sibs	0.89 [0.62–1.26]	0.51	1.23 [0.80–1.84]	0.33
Test within = between	0.16		0.95
Walking within sibs	1.39 [0.75–2.47]	0.29	1.06 [0.53–2.05]	0.85
Walking between sibs	0.87 [0.56–1.33]	0.51	1.00 [0.59–1.65]	0.99
Test within = between	0.23		0.88
Bicycle within sibs	0.26 [0.17–0.40]	<0.001	0.57 [0.34–0.95]	0.03
Bicycle between sibs	0.50 [0.35–0.71]	<0.001	0.67 [0.44–1.02]	0.06
Test within = between	0.01		0.59

^aUnadjusted relative risk ratio.

^bAdjusted risk ratio: adjusted for age, sex, caste/tribe status, standard of living, occupation, leisure time physical activity, fat intake, smoking status, alcohol intake, and factory location.

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001459.t007