Table 1. National policy actions and targets to limit salt intake in LMICs by WHO region and target group.

Target Group	African Region	Eastern Mediterranean Region	European Region	Region of the Americas	South-East Asia Region	Western Pacific Region
General public and consumers	Mauritius: Public education on food labeling and moderate salt intake	Sudan: Promote reduction in salt intake; Djibouti: Promote reduction of salt intake; Iran: Address poor dietary habits and reduce the consumption of salt; public education through TV regarding low salt consumption	Bulgaria: Enforce lower salt intake in school canteens; Bulgaria and the Republic of Moldova: Educate on salt intake reduction; Serbia: Increase intake of food with high ratio of potassium/sodium	Jamaica and Cuba: Public education to reduce salt intake	Bhutan: Public education on salt intake reduction, targeting school children; Indonesia: Public education on salt intake reduction targeting high-risk groups; promotion of low-salt eating habits	Malaysia and Mongolia: Public education on salt intake reduction; Malaysia: Encourage the public to use less salt and choose foods low in salt
Government	Ethiopia: Enforce food standards and salt legislation; Mauritius: Amend food regulations to include signpost labeling and enforce traffic light signpost labeling with reference to salt content	Sudan: Propose taxes on salty foods; Jordan: Develop national recommendations for the reduction of salt intake	Bulgaria: Introduce standards for upper limits of salt for some foods; introduce taxes and fiscal measures on high-salt foods; Montenegro: Development of guidelines for food production with lowered content of salt; Serbia: Mandatory labeling of sodium content and potassium/sodium ratio for food producers; harmonize recommendation for reduction of salt in processed food	Jamaica: Promote production and sale of foods with less salt and the consumption of products low in salt; Honduras: Strengthen food labeling policies for salt; Brazil: Agreement and partnership between the production sector and the public sector to prevent NCDs by promoting salt reduction, to reach the suggested national goals on reduction of salt; Colombia: Disseminate, monitor, and regulate the nutritional labeling of foods to control the amount of salt in processed foods	Bhutan: Establish guidelines to control marketing and advertisement of salty foods	Mongolia: Review and update legislative acts and standards to promote production, sale, and importation of low-salt foods; coordinate foreign trade policy to support decrease in salt intake; Philippines: Develop and implement health promotion activities for a healthy diet that limits salt intake from all sources; Cambodia: Incorporate nutrition messages related to low salt intake in the curriculum; develop standards for school and university vendors; China: Develop and promote healthy foods with low salt content
Private sector	Mauritius: Train food industry and stakeholders on enforcement of food labeling with reference to salt content	Iran: Improve nutrition in public places through policies for reduced salt in food industries and restaurants; sensitize food producers regarding the reduction of salt in food products	Bulgaria: Produce foods with reduced salt content; FYRM: Change formulation of foods to reduce salt content	Brazil: Regulate the nutritional composition of processed food; establish an agreement with the production sector and a partnership with the civil society to prevent NCDs and reduce salt in food; reduce salt in industrialized food by 10% per year on voluntary basis	Indonesia: Collaborate with stakeholders for reduction of salt in processed foods	Mongolia: Collaborate with stakeholders to reduce salt content of processed foods
National salt intake target	Mauritius: Reduce national average sodium intake to <5 g/d	NR	Bulgaria, Montenegro, and FYRM: Reduce salt intake to <5 g/d; Serbia: Limit intake of salt to <6 g/d	Cuba: Increase the proportion of people who do not add salt on the table to 95%; Brazil: Reduce average salt consumption	NR	China: Lower national average per capita intake of salt to <9 g

WHO classification of regions and countries was followed.

FYRM, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; NR, not reported.