Figure 4. Influence of different treatment conditions of resveratrol on DEV infection.

DEFs infected with DEV (MOI  = 0.1) were treated with resveratrol in various mode of actions. (1) Virus inactivation: DEV was treated with drug for 1 h at 37°C before infection. The virus and drug mixture was then added to cells for 1 h at 37°C. The media was removed and replaced with drug-free media. DEV suspended without drug was used as control (effect of temperature). (2) Inhibition of virus attachment: DEFs were infected in media containing the drug and virus for 1 h at 37°C, and then the mixture was removed. The cells were overlaid with drug-free media. (3) Pre-treatment effect: DEFs were pre-treatment with drug for 1 h at 37°C. And then DEV was added to the cells after resveratrol solution removal. After 1 h 37°C, the inoculum was removed and replaced with drug-free media. (4) Intracellular inhibition: after removing the unabsorbed virus, the media containing the resveratrol was added to the DEFs. At 48 h p.i., the total DNA was extracted from DEV-infected DEFs and copies of DEV were evaluated by the real-time FQ-PCR assay. Values are means ± SD (n = 3). Significance: different capital letters represent extremely significant differences among groups (P<0.01, n = 3).