Table 3.
Multiple OLS and zero-inflated poisson regression analysis for predictors (H. pylori IgG and IgG CagA) of cognitive performance, by age group and effect modification by sex and race; NHANES III phase 1 (1988–1991) a
| 60–90y | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||||
| SRT
|
SDS-E
|
SDS-L
|
SDL-TTC
|
SDL-TE
|
|||||||||||
| β | SEE | p-value | β | SEE | p-value | β | SEE | p-value | β | SEE | p-value | β | SEE | p-value | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Model 1: H. pylori IgG | |||||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=2,178) | (N=2,147) | (N=2,147) | (N=2,027) | (N=2,086) | |||||||||||
| All | +0.43 | 4.14 | 0.919 | +0.17 | 0.12 | 0.172 | +0.60 | 0.48 | 0.219 | +0.30 | 0.13 | 0.033 | +0.51 | 0.26 | 0.058 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=1,092) | (N=1,077) | (N=1,077) | (N=1,026) | (N=1,051) | |||||||||||
| Men | +4.92 | 3.71 | 0.198 | +0.13 | 0.14 | 0.356 | +0.78 | 0.54 | 0.161 | +0.07 | 0.20 | 0.746 | −0.03 | 0.44 | 0.943┼ |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=1,086) | (N=1,070) | (N=1,070) | (N=1,001) | (N=1,034) | |||||||||||
| Women | −4.09 | 6.15 | 0.513 | +0.18 | 0.18 | 0.341 | +0.48 | 0.47 | 0.322 | +0.60 | 0.20 | 0.007 | +1.19 | 0.44 | 0.012 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=871) | (N=869) | (N=869) | (N=861) | (N=862) | |||||||||||
| NH white | +3.72 | 4.62 | 0.430 | +0.04 | 0.19 | 0.845 | +0.73 | 0.45 | 0.115 | +0.29 | 0.16 | 0.096 | +0.24 | 0.30 | 0.431§ |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=606) | (N=594) | (N=594) | (N=564) | (N=580) | |||||||||||
| NH black | +4.24 | 6.36 | 0.512 | +0.76 | 0.34 | 0.038 | +1.36 | 0.96 | 0.174 | +0.22 | 0.17 | 0.197 | +0.94 | 0.40 | 0.029 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=628) | (N=610) | (N=610) | (N=535) | (N=574) | |||||||||||
| Mexican-American | −6.33 | 4.04 | 0.133 | −0.02 | 0.36 | 0.947 | −1.97 | 0.88 | 0.035 | −0.01 | 0.14 | 0.911 | +0.11 | 0.40 | 0.773 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Model 2: H. pylori IgG CagA | |||||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=2,179) | (N=2,148) | (N=2,148) | (N=2,028) | (N=2,086) | |||||||||||
| All | +3.03 | 4.53 | 0.510 | +0.02 | 0.15 | 0.912 | +0.16 | 0.40 | 0.689 | +0.20 | 0.16 | 0.237 | +0.33 | 0.36 | 0.356 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=1,093) | (N=1,078) | (N=1,078) | (N=1,027) | (N=1,052) | |||||||||||
| Men | +6.77 | 4.49 | 0.146 | +0.07 | 0.2 | 0.724 | −0.10 | 0.58 | 0.819 | −0.06 | 0.26 | 0.811 | −0.12 | 0.50 | 0.812 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=1,086) | (N=1,070) | (N=1,070) | (N=1,001) | (N=1,034) | |||||||||||
| Women | −0.26 | 6.48 | 0.968 | −0.07 | 0.26 | 0.792 | +0.48 | 0.51 | 0.353 | +0.53 | 0.23 | 0.030 | +0.94 | 0.46 | 0.055 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=871) | (N=869) | (N=869) | (N=861) | (N=862) | |||||||||||
| NH white | +7.91 | 5.90 | 0.193 | −0.04 | 0.26 | 0.881 | −0.2 | 0.54 | 0.786 | +0.20 | 0.21 | 0.350 | +0.12 | 0.38 | 0.754 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=606) | (N=594) | (N=594) | (N=564) | (N=580) | |||||||||||
| NH black | +0.21 | 5.40 | 0.969 | +0.53 | 0.29 | 0.088 | +1.52 | 0.78 | 0.066 | +0.19 | 0.14 | 0.184 | +0.80 | 0.40 | 0.056 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=629) | (N=611) | (N=611) | (N=536) | (N=575) | |||||||||||
| Mexican-American | −9.00 | 4.79 | 0.075 | +0.07 | 0.41 | 0.867 | −1.80 | 0.58 | 0.005 | −0.06 | 0.13 | 0.637 | −0.19 | 0.46 | 0.685 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
|
60–90y
|
|||||||||||||||
|
WR-CORR
|
WR-TRIALS
|
SR-CORR
|
MATH-INC
|
ORIENT-INC
|
|||||||||||
| β | SEE | p-value | β | SEE | p-value | β | SEE | p-value | β | SEE | p-value | β | SEE | p-value | |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Model 1: H. pylori IgG | |||||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=2,108) | (N=2,068) | (N=2,163) | (N=2,223) | (N=1,994) | |||||||||||
| All | +0.00 | 0.01 | 0.866 | +0.07 | 0.30 | 0.810 | −0.04 | 0.01 | 0.010 | +0.13 | 0.09 | 0.141 | +0.01 | 0.01 | 0.176 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=1,056) | (N=1,037) | (N=1,090) | (N=1,121) | (N=997) | |||||||||||
| Men | +0.00 | 0.02 | 0.877 | +0.46 | 0.37 | 0.230 | −0.07 | 0.02 | 0.001 | +0.14 | 0.11 | 0.223┼ | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.547 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=1,052) | (N=1,031) | (N=1,073) | (N=1,102) | (N=997) | |||||||||||
| Women | +0.00 | 0.01 | 0.696 | −0.75 | 0.84 | 0.378 | −0.03 | 0.02 | 0.086 | +0.11 | 0.10 | 0.259 | +0.03 | 0.01 | 0.062 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=1,320) | (N=1,296) | (N=1,354) | (N=1,373) | (N=1,290) | |||||||||||
| NH white | +0.00 | 0.01 | 0.814 | +0.34 | 0.26 | 0.202§ | −0.04 | 0.01 | 0.015 | +0.16 | 0.10 | 0.128 | +0.01 | 0.01 | 0.351 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=402) | (N=400) | (N=407) | (N=428) | (N=387) | |||||||||||
| NH black | +0.00 | 0.02 | 0.790 | +0.60 | 0.69 | 0.388 | −0.05 | 0.04 | 0.231 | +0.02 | 0.06 | 0.713 | +0.05 | 0.02 | 0.038 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=354) | (N=344) | (N=373) | (N=386) | (N=284) | |||||||||||
| Mexican-American | −0.02 | 0.02 | 0.468 | −0.05 | 0.18 | 0.798 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.745 | +0.00 | 0.08 | 0.991 | +0.01 | 0.02 | 0.626 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Model 2: H. pylori IgG CagA | |||||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=2,108) | (N=2,068) | (N=2,163) | (N=2,223) | (N=1,994) | |||||||||||
| All | +0.00 | 0.01 | 0.712 | +0.34 | 0.28 | 0.232 | +0.00 | 0.02 | 0.900 | +0.06 | 0.07 | 0.365 | +0.00 | 0.01 | 0.880 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=1,056) | (N=1,037) | (N=1,090) | (N=1,121) | (N=997) | |||||||||||
| Men | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.684 | +0.53 | 0.39 | 0.187 | −0.02 | 0.03 | 0.457 | −0.08 | 0.06 | 0.164 | −0.02 | 0.02 | 0.302 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=1,052) | (N=1,031) | (N=1,073) | (N=1,102) | (N=997) | |||||||||||
| Women | +0.00 | 0.01 | 0.640 | −0.57 | 0.92 | 0.543 | +0.00 | 0.02 | 0.908 | +0.06 | 0.09 | 0.519 | +0.02 | 0.01 | 0.188 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=1,320) | (N=1,296) | (N=1,354) | (N=1,373) | (N=1,290) | |||||||||||
| NH white | +0.00 | 0.01 | 0.729 | +0.64 | 0.31 | 0.047 | +0.00 | 0.02 | 0.938 | +0.10 | 0.08 | 0.198 | +0.00 | 0.01 | 0.755 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=402) | (N=400) | (N=407) | (N=428) | (N=387) | |||||||||||
| NH black | +0.01 | 0.02 | 0.644 | +0.17 | 0.52 | 0.748 | +0.00 | 0.05 | 0.986 | −0.07 | 0.08 | 0.347 | +0.06 | 0.02 | 0.025 |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| (N=354) | (N=344) | (N=373) | (N=386) | (N=284) | |||||||||||
| Mexican-American | −0.05 | 0.02 | 0.048 | +0.11 | 0.34 | 0.755 | −0.04 | 0.05 | 0.421 | +0.03 | 0.09 | 0.762 | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.384 |
P<0.10 for null hypothesis that sex×exposure (H. pylori IgG and IgG CagA) interaction term γ =0 in model with sex among main effects;
P<0.10 for null hypothesis that race×exposure (H. pylori IgG and IgG CagA) interaction term γ =0 in model with race among main effects.
Abbreviations: MATH-INC=Math test-Incorrect; NH=Non-Hispanic; NHANES=National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; ORIENT-INC=Orientation to time, incorrect items; SDL-TTC=Serial Digits Learning-Trials to completion; SDL-TE=Serial Digits Learning-Total Errors; SDS-E=Symbol Digits Substitution tests-Errors; SDS-L=Symbol Digits Substitution tests-Latencies; SE=Standard error; SR-CORR=Story recall-correct; SRT=Simple reaction time ;WR-CORR=Word Recall-Correct; WR-TRIALS=Word Recall-Number of Trials.
Models were adjusted for age (continuous), sex, marital status (married vs. not); education (<High School; High School; >High School), poverty income ratio (0–100%; >100–200%; >200%), language of interview (English vs. Spanish), cigarette smoking status (never, former, current), self-rated health (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor),1995-healthy eating index (quintiles), physical activity (more active, about the same, less active), body mass index and a co-morbidity index. Models for the 20–59y age group were multiple OLS regression models, while those for the 60–90y age group were poisson or zero-inflated poisson regression models.