Table 3.

Longitudinal Predictors of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Among Participants with Severe Mental Illness (N = 801).

	Alcohol Use				Cannabis Use
Predictor	B	95% CI	SE	p	B	95% CI	SE	p
Unconditional Growth Model
Time	−.15	−.21 to −.09	.03	< .001	−.27	−.37 to −.18	.05	< .001
Conditional Growth Modela
Age	−.01	−.05 to .02	.02	.420	−.08	−.12 to −.04	.02	< .001
Male	.76	.35 to 1.17	.21	< .001	1.56	1.04 to 2.08	.26	< .001
White	.22	−.25 to .69	.24	.365	−.22	−.80 to .36	.30	.459
Schizophreniac	−.18	−.84 to .48	.34	.593	.17	−.68 to 1.01	.43	.702
Depressionc	.30	−.26 to .87	.29	.295	.58	−.13 to 1.30	.37	.111
Depressiond	.48	−.02 to .99	.26	.062	.42	−.21 to 1.05	.32	.193
Time × Age	−.00	−.01 to .01	.01	.818	−.00	−.02 to .01	.01	.793
Time × Male	−.10	−.22 to .02	.06	.112	−.22	−.40 to −.03	.09	.020
Time × White	−.04	−.18 to .10	.07	.565	−.16	−.37 to .04	.10	.111
Time × Schizophreniac	−.11	−.30 to .09	.10	.282	−.33	−.63 to −.04	.15	.028
Time × Depressionc	−.06	−.23 to .10	.09	.459	−.26	−.50 to −.01	.13	.042
Time × Depressiond	.04	−.10 to .19	.07	.567	.08	−.15 to .30	.11	.507
Gender Moderated Conditional Growth Modela,b
Time × Schizophrenia × Malec	−.09	−.46 to .29	.19	.650	−.61	−1.13 to −.09	.27	.022
Time × Depression × Malec	.24	−.09 to .58	.17	.152	−.09	−.54 to .36	.23	.698
Time × Depression × Maled	.33	.05 to .62	.15	.024	.43	.04 to .83	.20	.033

Note. Alcohol use models also adjusted for Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total scores given the association between psychopathology and alcohol use observed in the sample. Statistically significant effects appear in boldface.

^aTo avoid visual clutter, previous univariate effects are not presented

^bOnly a priori moderator effects of interest are presented

^cReference category is bipolar disorder

^dReference category is schizophrenia