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. 2013 Mar 5;17(2):209. doi: 10.1186/cc11823

Table 1.

Summary of included studies

Study Year Jadad score Type of surgery Number of patients GDT group Number of patients control group Type of monitor in GDT group Intervention type Goals in GDT group Goals in control group Mortality GDT (%) Mortality control (%) Complications GDT (%) Complications control (%)
Bender et al. [64] 1997 1 Elective vascular/aortic 51 53 PAC Fluid and inotropes CI ≥ 2.8
PAWP 8-14 SVR
<1100		 Standard care 1.96 1.9 13.73 13.21
Benes et al. [65] 2010 3 Elective abdominal 60 60 Flotrac Fluid and inotropes SVV <10%
CI ≥2.5		 MAP > 65
HR < 100
CVP 8-12		 1.67 3.3 30 58.33
Berlauk et al. [66] 1991 2 Peripheral vascular surgery 68 21 PAC Fluid and inotropes CI ≥2.8
PAWP 8-14 SVR
<1100		 Standard care 1.47 9.5 16.7 42.8
Bonazzi
et al. [67]		 2002 2 Elective vascular 50 50 PAC Fluid and inotropes CI >3.0
PAWP 10-18
SVR <1,450
DO2I >600		 Standard care 0 0 4 8
Boyd et al. [68] 1993 1 Abdominal/vascular 53 54 PAC Fluid and notropes MAP 80-110
PAWP 12-14
SpO2 >94%
Hb >12 DO2I >600		 MAP 80-110
PAWP 12-14
SpO2 >94%
Hb >12 UO >0.5 ml/
kg/h		 5.66 22.2 NS NS
Buettner et al. [69] 2008 2 Major abdominal or gynaecological 40 40 PiCCO Fluids SPV <10%
HCt >23%
Normal clotting		 Standard care 0 2.5 NS NS
Cecconi et al. [70] 2011 4 Total hip replacement 20 20 Flotrac Fluid and inotropes SV change
DO2I >600		 Standard care 0 0 80 100
Challand et al. [71] 2012 5 Major open/laparoscopic colorectal 89 90 OD Fluids SV change Standard care 5.62 4.4 33.71 28.89
Conway et al. [72] 2002 2 Major bowel resection 29 28 OD Fluids FTc >0.35
SV change		 Standard care 0 3.6 17.24 32.14
Donati et al. [73] 2007 3 Elective major abdominal/aortic 68 67 CVC Fluids O2ER <27%
MAP >80
UO >0.5
CVP 8-12
Hb >10		 MAP >80
UO >0.5
CVP 8-12
Hb >10		 2.94 3 13.24 40.3
Forget et al. [74] 2010 2 Major intrabdominal 41 41 Masimo pulsoximeter Fluids PVI <13% Standard care 4.88 0 78.05 100
Gan et al. [75] 2002 5 Elective general, urological, gynaecologic 50 50 OD Fluids FTc >0.35
SV change		 Increase HR
>20% baseline
sBP <90 or CVP
<20% baseline		 0 0 42 76
Harten et al. [76] 2008 3 Emergency abdominal 14 15 Lidco Fluids PPV Standard care 7.14 13.3 50 26.67
Jhanji et al. [77] 2010 3 Major surgery 45 45 LiDCO Fluids SV CVP standard
care		 11.11 13.3 57.58 66.67
Lobo et al. [78] 2000 3 Major surgery 19 18 PAC Fluid and inotropes DO2I >600 Standard care 15.79 50 31.58 66.67
Lobo et al. [79] 2006 3 Major surgery 25 25 PAC Fluid and inotropes PWP 12-16
MAP 70-110
HCt >30%, SAO2
>94%
UO >0.5
DO2I >600		 PAWP 12-16
MAP 70-110
HCt >30%
SaO2 >94%
UO >0.5
 8 28 16 52
Lopes et al. [80] 2007 2 Major surgery 17 16 IBPplus; Dixtal Fluids ΔPP <10% Standard care 11.76 31.3 41.18 75
Mayer et al. [81] 2010 2 Major gastrointestinal surgery 30 30 Flotrac Fluid and inotropes CI >2.5
SVV <12%		 CVP 8-12
MAP >65
UO >0.5		 6.67 6.7 20 50
Noblett et al. [82] 2006 5 Colorectal 51 52 OD Fluids FTc >0.35
SV change		 Standard care 0 1.9 1.96 15.38
Pearse et al. [83] 2005 3 Major surgery 62 60 LiDCO Fluid and inotropes DO2I >600 SaO2 ≥94%
Hb >8
Temp >37°C
HR <100 or <20
above baseline
MAP 60-100
CI ≥2.5		 11.29 15 43.35 68.33
Senagore et al. [84] 2009 3 Elective lap colorectal 42 22 OD Fluids SV response Standard care 2.38 4.7 NS NS
Shoemaker et al. [85] 1988 2 Major surgery 28 60 PAC Fluid and inotropes CI >4.5
VO2 >170
DO2I >600		 Standard care 3.57 30 28.5 50
Sinclair et al. [86] 1997 2 Neck of femur repair 20 20 OD Fluids FTc >0.35

SV change		 Standard care 5 10 NS NS
Szakmany et al. [87] 2005 3 Major abdominal 20 20 PiCCO Fluids ITBV 850-950 ml/m2 CVP
Standard care		 9.09 5 NS NS
Ueno et al. [88] 1998 2 Hepatic resection 16 18 PAC Fluid and inotropes CI >4.5
VO2 >170
DO2I >600		 SpO2 >95%
Mean PAOP 11-15 mmHg
Hb >10		 0 11.1 0 27.78
Valentine et al. [89] 1998 3 Aortic 60 60 PAC Fluid and inotropes CI >2.8
PAWP 8-15
SVR <1100		 Standard care 5 1.7 25 16.67
Van Der linden et al. [90] 2010 4 Vascular 40 17 LiDCO + CVC Fluid and inotropes CI >2.5 Standard care 7.5 0 10 0
Venn et al. [91] 2002 3 Neck of femur repair 30 60 OD Fluids FTc >0.35
SV change		 Standard care 10 6.9 34.4 72.4
Wakeling et al. [92] 2005 3 Colorectal 67 67 OD Fluids SV change Standard care 0 1.5 35.82 56.72
Wenkui et al. [93] 2010 3 Elective GI Cancer 109 105 Lactate Fluids Lactate <1.6 Standard care 0.92 3.8 22.94 33.3
Wilson et al. [94] 1999 4 Major surgery 92 46 PAC Fluid and inotropes DO2I >600 Standard care 3.26 17.4 41.3 60.87
Ziegler et al. [95] 1997 2 Vascular 32 40 PAC Fluid and inotropes PAOP >12 Standard care 9.38 5 25 27.5

CI, cardiac index (ml/minute/m2); CVP, central venous pressure (cmH2O); CVC, central venous catheter; DO2I, oxygen delivery index (ml/minute/m2); FTc, corrected flow time; GDT, goal-directed therapy; Hb, haemoglobin (g/dl); Hct, haematocrit (%); HR, heart rate (beats/minute); ITBV, intrathoracic blood volume; VO2, oxygen consumption (ml/minute); MAP, mean arterial pressure (mmHg); NS, not stated; O2ER, oxygen extraction ratio (%); OD, oesophageal Doppler; PAC, pulmonary artery catheter; PAOP, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (mmHg); PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure (mmHg); PP, pulse pressure; PPV, pulse pressure variation; PVI, plethysmographic variability index; SAO2, aterial oxygen saturation; sBP, systolic blood pressure (mmHg); SpO2, oxygen saturation (%); SV, stroke volume (ml); SVR, systemic vascular resistance (dynes-s/cm5); SVV, stroke volume variation (%); UO, urine output (ml/kg/h); VO2, oxygen consumption (ml/minute).