Figure 4.
Average Stanford sleepiness scale ratings (mean ± SEM) from bedtime questionnaires, wake time questionnaires, and test bouts during the night shifts. 1 = ‘feeling active and vital; alert; wide awake’ and 7 = ‘almost in reverie; sleep onset soon; must struggle to remain awake.’ (●) The melatonin session, (○) the placebo session. B = Bed-time ratings; W = Wake time ratings; numbers 1–4 indicate the sequential test bouts during the night shifts. *P < 0.01.
