Table 1.

Sleep parameters from polysomnography (mean ± SD)

	Total sleep time (min)	Sleep efficiency (%)	Sleep latency (min)	WASO (min)	WAFA (min)	Movement index	Transient arousal index	Stage 1 (%)	Stage 2 (%)	Stage 3 (%)	Stage 4 (%)	SWS (%)	REM (%)	REM latency
Baseline 1
Melatonin	448 ± 28	93.3 ± 5.8	11 ± 9	20 ± 21	1 ± 6	5.9 ± 2.3	5.7 ± 2.1	5.0 ± 2.7	57.6 ± 7.5	7.8 ± 2.9	7.5 ± 6.7	15.4 ± 7.7	22.0 ± 5.5	93 ± 38
Placebo	453 ± 19	94.4 ± 3.9	8 ± 5	17 ± 19	1 ± 2	6.8 ± 3.5	6.5 ± 3.2	5.0 ± 2.0	57.2 ± 8.5	7.8 ± 3.1	7.4 ± 6.2	15.2 ± 7.5	22.6 ± 3.9	75 ± 13
Baseline 2
Melatonin	459 ± 12	95.7 ± 2.5	6 ± 4	12 ± 10	1 ± 3	6.7 ± 2.5	6.4 ± 2.0	4.3 ± 2.4	55.2 ± 7.4	8.3 ± 3.1	7.2 ± 5.7	15.5 ± 6.7	24.9 ± 3.3	82 ± 26
Placebo	456 ± 18	94.8 ± 3.6	8 ± 5	15 ± 17	1 ± 2	6.7 ± 2.9	6.3 ± 2.8	3.8 ± 2.0	55.3 ± 7.2	8.2 ± 3.2	8.6 ± 6.1	16.7 ± 7.4	24.1 ± 3.2	72 ± 13
Day sleep 1
Melatonin	454 ± 24*	94.5 ± 5.0*	2 ± 1	19 ± 19*	4 ± 16	5.6 ± 2.8	5.2 ± 1.9	4.0 ± 2.1	56.1 ± 7.4	8.6 ± 3.3	11.1 ± 7.5	19.7 ± 7.8	20.2 ± 4.8	60 ± 24
Placebo	430 ± 54	89.5 ± 11.2	2 ± 2	40 ± 47	7 ± 16	6.0 ± 2.8	5.9 ± 2.3	4.1 ± 2.6	53.0 ± 8.4	10.4 ± 2.9	12.5 ± 7.5	22.9 ± 8.1	20.3 ± 5.0	64 ± 13
Day sleep 2
Melatonin	416 ± 58	86.6 ± 2.0	4 ± 3	43 ± 45	16 ± 43	5.8 ± 3.1	6.1 ± 2.5	5.9 ± 3.0	53.3 ± 8.2	9.5 ± 3.6	9.2 ± 7.5	18.7 ± 7.8	22.0 ± 5.2	60 ± 11
Placebo	411 ± 63	85.4 ± 13.0	3 ± 2	22 ± 5	35 ± 37	5.7 ± 2.9	5.3 ± 2.2	4.8 ± 2.6	53.9 ± 9.1	9.2 ± 3.2	9.9 ± 6.5	19.1 ± 8.6	22.3 ± 4.7	60 ± 14
Recovery
Melatonin	409 ± 62	85.1 ± 2.9	23 ± 31	32 ± 36	15 ± 37	6.4 ± 3.3	6.7 ± 3.2	5.5 ± 2.4	59.5 ± 8.9	7.5 ± 3.3	5.6 ± 5.0	13.1 ± 6.3	21.8 ± 5.0	73 ± 23
Placebo	421 ± 50	87.5 ± 10.4	21 ± 19	31 ± 42	6 ± 13	6.5 ± 3.0	6.5 ± 2.5	4.6 ± 1.6	59.7 ± 6.9	6.8 ± 2.7	5.9 ± 4.9	12.7 ± 6.6	23.0 ± 3.3	68 ± 13

^*P < 0.05, melatonin vs. placebo.