Table 7.
The results of univariate multinomial logistic regression for determining the risk factors of post-stroke apathy or depression alone
| |
OR (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| |
Without apathy/with depression |
With apathy/without depression |
With apathy and depression |
| (n = 6) | (n = 19) | (n = 6) | |
| Age (y) |
1.04 (0.94, 1.15) |
1.12 (1.04, 1.21)* |
1.01 (0.91, 1.17) |
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Male vs. Female |
0.23 (0.04, 1.43) |
0.64 (0.21, 1.95) |
0.93 (0.15, 5.72) |
| Education (y) |
0.87 (0.61, 1.11) |
0.73 (0.61, 0.88)* |
1.17 (0.94, 1.46) |
| Frontal |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
2.25 (0.35, 14.49) |
6.19 (1.88, 20.34)* |
0.90 (0.09, 8.80) |
| Temporal |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
10.50 (1.15, 95.91)* |
5.60 (0.93, 33.77) |
10.05 (1.15, 95.91)* |
| Parietal |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
2.00 (0.19, 21.62) |
0.56 (0.06, 5.33) |
Not estimable |
| Occipital |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
2.73 (0.24, 31.56) |
Not estimable |
2.73 (0.24, 31.56) |
| Basal ganglia |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
2.33 (0.25, 21.89) |
1.01 (0.32, 3.22) |
2.33 (0.25, 21.89) |
| Cerebellum |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
10.50 (1.15, 95.91)* |
1.67 (0.10, 13.70) |
Not estimable |
| Brain stem |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
2.39 (0.42, 13.40) |
3.28 (1.07, 10.02)* |
Not estimable |
| Corona radiata |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
0.48 (0.08, 2.61) |
1.01 (0.32, 3.22) |
Not estimable |
| Cerebrovascular disease |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
3.40 (0.59, 19.54) |
3.06 (0.98, 9.60) |
3.40 (0.59, 19.54) |
| Hypertension |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
2.33 (0.25, 21.89) |
0.64 (0.21, 1.95) |
0.47 (0.08, 2.61) |
| Diabetes mellitus |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
Not estimable |
0.45(0.11, 1.81) |
0.48 (0.05, 4.49) |
| Smoking |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
0.55 (0.09, 3.31) |
1.22 (0.41, 3.57) |
1.10 (0.20, 6.03) |
| Drinking |
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no |
Not estimable |
1.56 (0.50, 4.88) |
0.53 (0.06, 5.05) |
| SBP (mmHg) |
0.99 (0.94, 1.03) |
0.98 (0.96, 1.01) |
0.98 (0.94, 1.03) |
| DBP (mmHg) |
1.01 (0.97, 1.05) |
0.97 (0.93, 1.01) |
0.97 (0.90, 1.03) |
| Heart rate (bpm) |
1.01 (0.94, 1.09) |
0.99 (0.94, 1.03) |
1.01 (0.93, 1.08) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) |
1.58 (0.59, 4.19) |
0.68 (0.36, 1.30) |
0.95 (0.37, 2.48) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) |
0.95 (0.46, 1.95) |
0.49 (0.20, 1.18) |
0.47 (0.12, 1.90) |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) |
2.72 (0.73, 10.09) |
0.79 (0.33, 1.90) |
0.73 (0.19, 2.80) |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) |
0.63 (0.03, 12.44) |
0.26 (0.03, 2.22) |
3.13 (0.22, 45.71) |
| HbA1c (%) |
0.90 (0.54, 1.59) |
0.48 (0.21, 1.09) |
0.33 (0.08, 1.41) |
| NIHSS |
1.06 (0.71, 1.57) |
1.04 (0.82, 1.32) |
1.14 (0.80, 1.61) |
| MMSE score |
0.81 (0.63, 1.05) |
0.72 (0.59, 0.87)* |
0.77 (0.61, 0.98)* |
| MoCA score |
0.85 (0.72, 1.01) |
0.82 (0.73, 0.93)* |
0.84 (0.71, 0.99)* |
| MDRS I/P |
0.85 (0.71, 1.01) |
0.85 (0.75, 0.95)* |
0.74 (0.60, 0.92)* |
| FAB |
0.87 (0.67, 1.12) |
0.81 (0.69, 0.96)* |
0.99 (0.73, 1.36) |
| HAMD |
8.01 (1.27, 50.73)* |
1.07 (0.82, 1.38) |
11.16 (1.68, 74.05)* |
| Stroop color-naming |
|
|
|
| B-Atime |
1.01 (0.99, 1.03) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.03) |
| B-Anumber | 0.95 (0.85, 1.07) | 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.04) |
*Significant factor, P < 0.05.
Reference group: Without apathy and depression (n = 44).
Abbreviations: SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, NIHSS National Institutes of health stroke scale, MMSE Mini-mental state examination, MoCA Montreal cognitive assessment, MDRS I/P Mattis dementia rating scale initiation/preservation subset, FAB Frontal assessment battery, HAMD Hamilton depression scale.