Table 4.
Summary of cohort studies on NO2 and mortality from all causes and cardiovascular diseases (excess risk per 10 μg/m3)
|
Study name |
Study population |
Follow-up period |
Pollutant |
Conca (μg/m3) |
Spatial scaleb |
% change in risk (95% CI) in mortality per 10 μg/m3 |
References |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All causes | Cardiovascular | |||||||
| Oslo cohort |
16,209 men in Oslo, Norway |
1972 – 1998 |
NOx |
11 (1 – 168) |
Address (DISP) |
8 (6,11) |
NA |
[68] |
| Netherlands Cohort Study |
120, 852 subjects from Netherlands |
1987 -1996 |
NO2 |
37 (15–67) |
Address (LUR) |
8 (0, 16) |
7 (−6, 21) |
[23] |
| German cohort |
4752 women in Ruhr and surrounding area |
1985 – 2003 |
NO2 |
39 (20 – 60) |
Address (near) |
11 (1,21) |
36 (14, 63) |
[20] |
| German cohort |
4752 women in Ruhr and surrounding area |
1985 – 2008 |
NO2 |
39 (20 – 60) |
Address (near) |
11 (4,18) |
32 (18, 47) |
[21] |
| PAARC |
14,284 adults in 24 French areas |
1974 – 1998 |
NO2 |
20 (12 – 32) |
Address (near) |
14 (3, 25) |
27 (4, 56) |
[42] |
| China nat. hypertension survey |
70,497 men and women |
1991 - 2000 |
NOx |
50 (20 – 122) |
City |
2 (0, 3) |
2 (1, 4) |
[31] |
| Vancouver cohort |
452,735 Vancouver residents aged 45–85 yr |
1999 – 2002 |
NO2 |
32 (15 – 58) |
Address (LUR) |
NA |
5 (1, 9) |
[30] |
| DCH |
52,061 adults in Copenhagen and Arhus |
1993 - 2009 |
NO2 |
17 (11 – 60) |
Address (DISP) |
8 (2, 13) |
15 (3,27) |
[69] |
| US trucking industry cohort |
53,814 men in the US trucking industry |
1985 -2000 |
NO2 |
28 (14) |
Address (LUR) |
5 (3, 7) |
4 (0, 8) |
[32] |
| Chinese retrospective cohort study |
9,941 adults from five districts of Shenyang city |
1998 -2009 |
NO2 |
46 (18–78) |
District (mean) |
145 (134, 158) |
146 (131, 163) |
[33] |
| Rome longitudinal study |
684,000 adults from Rome |
2001 - 2006 |
NO2 |
45 (11) |
Address (LUR) |
4 (3, 5) |
NA |
[56] |
| California Teachers study |
101,784 female teachers |
1997 -2005 |
NO2 |
67 (10 – 134) |
Address (Inter) |
−3 (−9, 4) |
−2 (−12, 9) |
[36] |
| Shizuoka elderly cohort |
13,444 adults > 65 yr |
1999 - 2006 |
NO2 |
25 (−19, 75) |
Address (LUR) |
2 (−4, 8) |
15 (3, 28) |
[70] |
| Ontario tax cohort |
205, 440 adults in Toronto, Hamilton,Windsor |
1982 – 2004 |
NO2 |
43 (8), 31 (6), 24 (5)c |
Address (LUR) |
NA |
8 (5, 11) |
[71] |
| Rome longitudinal study | 1,265,058 adults from Rome | 2001 - 2010 | NO2 | 44 (13–75) | Address (LUR) | 3 (2, 3) | 3 (2, 4) | [38] |
a Mean with minimum – maximum in parentheses (μg/m3). One number in parentheses is standard deviation.
b Spatial scale of exposure assignment, in parentheses exposure assignment method. City = average of monitors within the city; Near = nearest monitor concentration; LUR = land use regression; Disp = dispersion modeling; Inter = interpolation.
c Mean (IQR) per city.
Studies adjusted for individual smoking except references [26,28,30,34,38,56].