Table 1.
Demographics and substance use (n = 420)
| Category | % (95 % C.I.) |
|---|---|
|
Age |
|
|
18–24 |
11.3 (7.1-15.6) |
|
25–34 |
34.4 (28.2-40.6) |
|
35–44 |
28.7 (23.7-33.6) |
|
45+ |
25.6 (19.8-31.4) |
|
Place of birth |
|
|
New Delhi |
38.3 (26.7-50.0) |
|
Uttar Pradesh |
27.9 (22.2-33.6) |
|
Other |
33.7 (25.2-42.3) |
|
Mother tongue |
|
|
Hindi |
74.4 (67.5-81.3) |
|
Punjabi |
6.5 (3.6-9.5) |
|
Bengali |
4.6 (1.95-7.3) |
|
Nepali |
4.3 (2.1-6.5) |
|
Other |
10.2 (6.0-14.4) |
|
Marital status |
|
|
Never married |
53.3 (46.4-60.1) |
|
Currently married |
24.6 (17.8-31.4) |
|
Divorced / separated |
15.5 (12.0-19.0) |
|
Widowed |
6.6 (3.0-10.2) |
|
Number of children |
|
|
None |
60.3 (53.7-66.9) |
|
1–2 children |
26.4 (22.0-30.9) |
|
3–4 children |
10.4 (6.3-14.5) |
|
5+ |
2.9 (0.6-5.2) |
|
Current tobacco use |
|
| [smoking, chewing or in paan] |
|
|
Daily |
93.2 (90.1-96.2) |
|
Less than daily |
4.9 (2.3-7.6) |
|
Not at all |
1.9 (0.5-3.3) |
|
Alcohol use – past month |
|
|
Have never consumed alcohol |
21.1 (14.4-27.7) |
|
Not used in past month |
43.4 (36.1-50.7) |
|
Less than once a week |
9.5 (6.9-12.1) |
|
At least once a week |
19.1 (14.4-23.7) |
|
Everyday |
7.0 (3.3-10.7) |
|
Age at first injection |
|
| ≤13 |
34.1 (29.1-39.0) |
|
14–16 |
26.2 (21.6-30.8) |
|
17–19 |
18.3 (13.7-22.9) |
|
20+ |
21.5 (15.9-27.1) |
|
Drugs used in the last 3 months a |
|
|
Pheniramine maleate |
99.0 (98.1-100.0) |
|
Buprenorphine |
97.4 (95.4-99.3) |
|
Heroin |
76.6 (69.9-83.3) |
|
Marijuana |
73.0 (63.4-82.7) |
|
Diazepam |
53.0 (44.8-61.1) |
|
Promethazine |
42.3 (35.6-48.9) |
|
Spasmoproxyvon |
26.5 (19.1-33.9) |
|
Pentazocine / morphine |
25.1 (19.6-30.6) |
|
Other |
22.2 (17.1-27.4) |
|
Main drug injected in last 3 months b |
|
|
Buprenorphine base |
76.9 (69.7-84.1) |
|
Heroin base |
18.0 (11.6-24.3) |
|
Other |
5.2 (1.7-8.6) |
|
Number of times injected during past week |
|
| ≤7 |
14.4 (10.4-18.3) |
|
8–14 |
28.7 (23.0-34.3) |
|
15–21 |
36.4 (30.9-42.0) |
| 22+ | 20.5 (15.5-25.5) |
a Buprenorphine, heroin, morphine, pentazocine (common brand name is Fortwin) and Spasmoproxyvon are synthetic opioid analgesics. Spasmoproxyvon is the brand name for a compound drug containing dextropropoxyphene, dicyclomine hydrochloride and paracetamol. Pheniramine maleate (common brand name is Avil) and promethazine (common brand name is Phenergan) are antihistamines.
b Both buprenorphine and heroin are commonly injected in a cocktail combination with a liquid antihistamine and often diazepam as well.