Table 2.
Comparisons of nutrients intake according to gender and rice-eating patterns1
| Nutrient/food group intake | Total (n = 26,006) | White rice group (n = 6,136) |
Rice with other foods group |
Mixed group (n=4,841) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice with beans (n = 2,589) | Rice with multi-grains (n = 12,440) | ||||||||||||||
|
Men |
|||||||||||||||
| Total energy (kcal) |
1,920 |
± |
541.6 |
1,845 |
± |
536.3c |
1,849 |
± |
504.8bc |
2,001 |
± |
547.6a |
1,911 |
± |
532.3 b |
| Energy from cooked rice (kcal) |
1,073 |
± |
313.7 |
982 |
± |
284.1c |
1,033 |
± |
288.9 b |
1,161 |
± |
320.6a |
1,059 |
± |
303.7 b |
| Energy % from cooked rice (%) |
57.6 |
± |
14.8 |
55.1 |
± |
15.0c |
57.4 |
± |
14.5b |
59.6 |
± |
14.4a |
57.0 |
± |
14.3 b |
| Protein (g) |
63.5 |
± |
24.0 |
60.7 |
± |
24.0b |
65.7 |
± |
21.9a |
65.2 |
± |
24.1a |
63.3 |
± |
24.5 a |
| Fat (g) |
30.6 |
± |
17.0 |
30.9 |
± |
17.3 |
31.9 |
± |
16.1 |
30.0 |
± |
16.8 |
30.8 |
± |
17.2 |
| Carbohydrate (g) |
341.0 |
± |
92.1 |
324.2 |
± |
88.9c |
319.3 |
± |
85.0c |
360.0 |
± |
93.8a |
338.1 |
± |
89.4 b |
| Fiber (g) |
6.0 |
± |
2.9 |
5.3 |
± |
2.8d |
7.0 |
± |
2.8a |
6.4 |
± |
2.9b |
5.8 |
± |
2.8 c |
| Glycemic Index |
56.9 |
± |
3.1 |
57.2 |
± |
3.2a |
56.1 |
± |
3.1d |
56.9 |
± |
3.1c |
57.0 |
± |
3.1 b |
| Glycemic Load |
193.6 |
± |
51.3 |
184.8 |
± |
48.9b |
178.7 |
± |
45.9c |
204.6 |
± |
52.4a |
192.7 |
± |
50.4 ab |
| Total isoflavones (mg) |
11.5 |
± |
9.3 |
8.6 |
± |
7.3c |
25.5 |
± |
9.7a |
11.0 |
± |
8.3b |
11.0 |
± |
7.9 b |
|
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total energy (kcal) |
1,742 |
± |
522.0 |
1,637 |
± |
509.4c |
1,694 |
± |
515.0b |
1,796 |
± |
524.2a |
1733 |
± |
511.8 b |
| Energy from cooked rice (kcal) |
944.0 |
± |
320.5 |
847.6 |
± |
281.3c |
909.9 |
± |
299.9b |
998.0 |
± |
332.5a |
919.0 |
± |
307.0 b |
| Energy % from cooked rice (%) |
55.6 |
± |
16.2 |
53.9 |
± |
16.9c |
55.3 |
± |
16.0b |
56.8 |
± |
16.1a |
54.4 |
± |
15.8 bc |
| Protein (g) |
58.4 |
± |
23.1 |
54.0 |
± |
22.9c |
61.1 |
± |
22.8a |
59.7 |
± |
23.1a |
58.1 |
± |
22.9 b |
| Fat (g) |
26.3 |
± |
15.2 |
26.0 |
± |
16.2b |
27.4 |
± |
14.1a |
26.1 |
± |
15.1b |
26.7 |
± |
14.9 ab |
| Carbohydrate (g) |
313.1 |
± |
91.9 |
292.0 |
± |
86.7c |
297.3 |
± |
89.9c |
325.7 |
± |
93.0a |
310.5 |
± |
89.7 b |
| Fiber (g) |
6.2 |
± |
3.2 |
5.4 |
± |
3.0d |
7.1 |
± |
3.2a |
6.4 |
± |
3.2b |
6.0 |
± |
3.1 c |
| Glycemic Index |
56.3 |
± |
3.6 |
56.7 |
± |
3.8a |
55.5 |
± |
3.6c |
56.2 |
± |
3.5b |
56.3 |
± |
3.5 b |
| Glycemic Load |
176.0 |
± |
51.0 |
165.2 |
± |
47.8 c |
164.5 |
± |
48.3c |
183.0 |
± |
51.8a |
174.9 |
± |
49.7 b |
| Total isoflavones (mg) | 11.8 | ± | 10.5 | 8.4 | ± | 8.6c | 23.9 | ± | 11.1a | 11.0 | ± | 9.7b | 10.8 | ± | 9.2 b |
1. Mean ± SD.
2. Different alphabet shows that means are significantly different among rice-eating patterns using ANOVA with Scheffé’s test for multiple comparisons (P<0.05).