Table 3.
Odds ratios (95% CIs) for metabolic syndrome and the individual components according to rice-eating patterns and gender
|
Metabolic syndrome traits |
White rice group |
Rice with other foods group |
Mixed group |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Rice with beans |
Rice with multi-grains |
||||||
| Ref | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Men |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Waist circumference |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
0.97 |
0.80-1.18 |
1.07 |
0.95-1.21 |
1.26 |
1.05-1.39 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
0.93 |
0.77-1.13 |
1.00 |
0.88-1.13 |
1.18 |
1.02-1.36 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
0.91 |
0.75-1.11 |
0.98 |
0.87-1.12 |
1.18 |
1.02-1.36 |
| Triglyceride |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
0.92 |
0.77-1.10 |
0.93 |
0.83-1.04 |
0.98 |
0.86-1.12 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
1.00 |
0.83-1.19 |
0.96 |
0.86-1.08 |
0.98 |
0.86-1.24 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
1.06 |
0.88-1.27 |
1.01 |
0.90-1.13 |
1.02 |
0.89-1.17 |
| HDL cholesterol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
1.15 |
0.91-1.46 |
0.95 |
0.82-1.12 |
1.00 |
0.83-1.21 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
1.12 |
0.89-1.43 |
0.94 |
0.80-1.10 |
1.00 |
0.83-1.21 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
1.13 |
0.89-1.45 |
0.95 |
0.81-1.12 |
1.02 |
0.84-1.24 |
| Blood pressure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
1.27 |
1.07-1.51 |
1.14 |
1.02-1.27 |
1.04 |
0.91-1.19 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
1.15 |
0.96-1.36 |
1.06 |
0.94-1.18 |
1.03 |
0.90-1.17 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
1.16 |
0.98-1.38 |
1.09 |
0.97-1.22 |
1.08 |
0.94-1.24 |
| Fasting glucose |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
1.03 |
0.86-1.24 |
1.07 |
0.95-1.20 |
0.99 |
0.85-1.14 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
0.98 |
0.82-1.19 |
1.03 |
0.92-1.17 |
0.98 |
0.85-1.13 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
0.96 |
0.80-1.16 |
1.02 |
0.91-1.16 |
0.99 |
0.86-1.15 |
| Metabolic syndrome |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
1.03 |
0.83-1.27 |
1.06 |
0.92-1.20 |
1.01 |
0.85-1.19 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
1.01 |
0.81-1.25 |
1.02 |
0.87-1.17 |
0.99 |
0.84-1.17 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
1.01 |
0.81-1.26 |
1.03 |
0.89-1.19 |
1.03 |
0.87-1.22 |
| Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Waist circumference |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
0.94 |
0.84-1.05 |
1.00 |
0.92-1.08 |
0.94 |
0.86-1.04 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
0.78 |
0.69-0.87 |
0.88 |
0.81-0.95 |
0.92 |
0.83-1.01 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
0.79 |
0.70-0.90 |
0.91 |
0.84-0.99 |
0.97 |
0.88-1.08 |
| Triglyceride |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
1.10 |
0.96-1.27 |
0.98 |
0.89-1.08 |
0.91 |
0.81-1.03 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
0.97 |
0.84-1.12 |
0.90 |
0.82-0.99 |
0.90 |
0.80-1.03 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
0.98 |
0.85-1.13 |
0.92 |
0.83-1.02 |
0.93 |
0.82-1.05 |
| HDL cholesterol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
1.02 |
0.90-1.15 |
0.95 |
0.88-1.04 |
0.94 |
0.85-1.04 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
0.96 |
0.85-1.09 |
0.92 |
0.85-1.01 |
0.94 |
0.85-1.04 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
0.98 |
0.86-1.11 |
0.96 |
0.88-1.09 |
0.98 |
0.88-1.09 |
| Blood pressure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
1.15 |
1.02-1.30 |
1.02 |
0.93-1.11 |
0.84 |
0.75-0.93 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
0.98 |
0.86-1.12 |
0.93 |
0.85-1.02 |
0.83 |
0.74-0.93 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
1.01 |
0.89-1.15 |
0.96 |
0.88-1.05 |
0.86 |
0.77-0.97 |
| Fasting glucose |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
0.91 |
0.79-1.05 |
0.97 |
0.88-1.07 |
0.90 |
0.80-1.02 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
0.84 |
0.72-0.97 |
0.92 |
0.83-1.02 |
0.90 |
0.80-1.02 |
| Model 3 |
1 |
0.83 |
0.71-0.96 |
0.94 |
0.85-1.04 |
0.91 |
0.80-1.04 |
| Metabolic syndrome |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Model 1 |
1 |
1.04 |
0.90-1.20 |
1.00 |
0.90-1.10 |
0.83 |
0.73-0.94 |
| Model 2 |
1 |
0.87 |
0.74-1.00 |
0.89 |
0.80-0.99 |
0.82 |
0.72-0.94 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.89 | 0.76-1.04 | 0.93 | 0.84-1.04 | 0.87 | 0.75-0.99 |
Model 1 : Not adjusted, Model 2 : adjusted for age and total energy intake, Model 3 : adjusted for age, total energy, education level, supplement use, exercise, drinking, and smoking.
Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of ≥3 of 5 components.