Table 4.
Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for metabolic syndrome and individual components of metabolic syndrome according to rice-eating patterns in women
| Metabolic syndrome traits | White rice group |
Rice with other foods group |
Mixed group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice with beans | Rice with multi-grains | ||||||
| |
Ref |
OR |
95% CI |
OR |
95% CI |
OR |
95% CI |
| Postmenopausal women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Waist circumference |
1 |
0.78 |
0.66-0.92 |
0.83 |
0.73-0.94 |
0.88 |
0.75-1.03 |
| Triglyceride |
1 |
0.92 |
0.76-1.12 |
0.88 |
0.77-1.02 |
0.86 |
0.72-1.03 |
| HDL cholesterol |
1 |
0.90 |
0.76-1.08 |
0.87 |
0.76-0.99 |
0.82 |
0.70-0.97 |
| Blood pressure |
1 |
1.08 |
0.91-1.29 |
1.00 |
0.88-1.14 |
0.87 |
0.74-1.03 |
| Fasting glucose |
1 |
0.75 |
0.61-0.92 |
0.92 |
0.80-1.07 |
0.89 |
0.74-1.07 |
| Metabolic syndrome |
1 |
0.86 |
0.71-1.04 |
0.85 |
0.73-0.98 |
0.74 |
0.62-0.89 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Premenopausal women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Waist circumference |
1 |
0.77 |
0.64-0.93 |
0.97 |
0.87-1.10 |
1.02 |
0.89-1.17 |
| Triglyceride |
1 |
1.02 |
0.80-1.31 |
0.95 |
0.81-1.12 |
0.93 |
0.77-1.13 |
| HDL cholesterol |
1 |
1.03 |
0.85-1.24 |
1.05 |
0.93-1.02 |
1.11 |
0.96-1.29 |
| Blood pressure |
1 |
0.90 |
0.73-1.11 |
0.92 |
0.80-1.05 |
0.86 |
0.73-1.01 |
| Fasting glucose |
1 |
0.93 |
0.74-1.18 |
0.95 |
0.82-1.10 |
0.97 |
0.81-1.17 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 1 | 0.88 | 0.66-1.17 | 1.06 | 0.89-1.27 | 1.03 | 0.83-1.28 |
Odds ratios were adjusted for age, total energy, education level, supplement use, exercise, drinking, and smoking.
The subjects with hormone replacement therapy were excluded among postmenopausal women.
Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of ≥3 of 5 components.