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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Pharm. 2013 Feb 18;447(0):75–93. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.030

Table 2.

Salient features of thiomer nanoparticles in insulin delivery.

Thiomer Drug/model
drug		 Outcome Reference
PAA-Cys Insulin In vitro degradation studies, nanoparticles protected 44.47% of the initial insulin amount from trypsin, 21.33% from chymotrypsin, 45.01% from elastase compared to insulin solutions (Perera et al., 2009)
Chitosan-6MNAcid Insulin AUC in vivo after oral administration to rats fourfold improved compared to unmodified chitosan nanoparticles (Millotti et al., 2011)
TMC-Cys Insulin Oral and ileal application in rats blood glucose depression of 35% for oral administration and 70% for ileal application in vivo, hypoglycemic effect higher and longer-lasting compared to TMC-insulin nanoparticles (Yin et al., 2009)