Table 2.
Contrast and agreement [percent agreement (PA), and Cohen’s kappa and 95% confidence limits (CL*)] of caregivers’ responses between the three ‘old’ and ‘new’ Social Desirability Bias (SDB)-modulating items pertaining to child oral health-related behaviors
| Old item: Do you clean or brush your child’s gums/teeth every day? | Old item: Do you use toothpaste when brushing your child’s teeth? | Old item: Was your child fed with a bottle? | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New item†: How often did you help your child brush their gums/teeth? |
Yes |
No |
New item: Used toothpaste with fluoride to clean child’s teeth |
Yes |
No |
New item: How often was your child fed with a bottle? |
Yes |
No |
| Does not need help |
7 |
0 |
Yes |
66 |
6 |
More than 1 night/week |
81 |
4 |
| At least 2 times/day |
45 |
1 |
No |
5 |
16 |
Never |
0 |
11 |
| Once a day |
20 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Less than once a day |
12 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Once a week |
5 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
PA = 78% |
|
PA = 88% |
|
PA = 95% |
|||
| Kappa (95% CL) = 0.25 (0.04-0.46) | Kappa (95% CL) = 0.67 (0.49-0.85) | Kappa (95% CL) = 0.83 (0.68-0.99) | ||||||
*obtained with bootstrapping (n = 10,000 repetitions); †to enable the calculation of PA and kappa from a 2x2 table the question was converted to a binary item where: “at least 2 times/day” and “once a day” corresponded to “yes” and “does not need help”, “less than once a day” and “once a week” corresponded to “no”.