Table 1.
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation (VAS) and anthropometric measurements at 2 months, overall and by BCG-group
| |
|
Overall |
BCG |
No BCG |
Interaction between BCG and VAS |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | VAS | Placebo | Difference*(CI: 95%) | RR *(CI: 95%) | VAS | Placebo | Difference** (CI: 95%) | RR ** (CI: 95%) | VAS | Placebo | Difference** (CI: 95%) | RR ** (CI: 95%) | ||
| |
Number |
693 |
697 |
|
|
353 |
350 |
|
|
340 |
347 |
|
|
|
| |
Median age in days |
67 |
66 |
|
|
67 |
66 |
|
|
66 |
66 |
|
|
|
| |
Weight, kg |
4.25 |
4.29 |
−0.01 (−0.07; 0.06) |
|
4.27 |
4.24 |
0.05 (−0.04; 0.14) |
|
4.22 |
4.34 |
−0.07 (−0.16; 0.03) |
|
P = 0.08 |
| |
Weight-for-age (WAZ), z-score |
−2.13 |
−2.08 |
−0.02 (−0.12; 0.09) |
|
−2.09 |
−2.19 |
0.08 (−0.07; 0.23) |
|
−2.17 |
−1.98 |
−0.11 (−0.26; 0.04) |
|
P = 0.07 |
| |
Underweight (WAZ < −2) |
35% |
36% |
|
0.95 (0.83; 1.07) |
35% |
37% |
|
0.90 (0.76; 1.08) |
35% |
35% |
|
0.99 (0.83; 1.19) |
P = 0.48 |
| |
Length, cm |
53.0 |
53.3 |
−0.11 (−0.37; 0.13) |
|
52.9 |
53.2 |
−0.10 (−0.45; 0.25) |
|
53.1 |
53.4 |
−0.13 (−0.49; 0.22) |
|
P = 0.88 |
| |
Length-for-age (LAZ), z-score |
−2.67 |
−2.53 |
−0.06 (−0.17; 0.05) |
|
−2.71 |
−2.58 |
−0.04 (−0.20; 0.12) |
|
−2.62 |
−2.48 |
−0.09 (−0.24; 0.07) |
|
P = 0.66 |
| |
Stunting (LAZ < −2) |
51% |
48% |
|
1.05 (0.93; 1.11) |
51% |
49% |
|
1.07 (0.94; 1.22) |
51% |
46% |
|
1.02 (0.90; 1.16) |
P = 0.61 |
| |
Head circumference, cm |
37.4 |
37.4 |
0.05 (−0.10; 0.21) |
|
37.5 |
37.4 |
0.18 (−0.04; 0.40) |
|
37.3 |
37.5 |
−0.08 (−0.30; 0.14) |
|
P = 0.10 |
| |
Head circumference-for-age, z-score |
−1.32 |
−1.34 |
0.05 (−0.06; 0.17) |
|
−1.25 |
−1.39 |
0.16 (0.00; 0.32) |
|
−1.41 |
−1.29 |
−0.06 (−0.22; 0.10) |
|
P = 0.06 |
|
Boys |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Number |
311 |
324 |
|
|
154 |
167 |
|
|
157 |
157 |
|
|
|
| |
Median age in days |
66 |
66 |
|
|
67 |
65 |
|
|
66 |
69 |
|
|
|
| |
Weight, kg |
4.38 |
4.42 |
0.00 (−0.09; 0.10) |
|
4.39 |
4.33 |
0.08 (−0.05; 0.22) |
|
4.37 |
4.52 |
−0.08 (−0.22; 0.06) |
|
P = 0.15 |
| |
Weight-for-age (WAZ), z-score |
−2.29 |
−2.23 |
0.01 (−0.15; 0.17) |
|
−2.30 |
−2.34 |
0.06 (−0.15; 0.28) |
|
−2.29 |
−2.11 |
−0.05 (−0.27; 0.17) |
|
P = 0.54 |
| |
Underweight (WAZ < −2) |
42% |
40% |
|
1.04 (0.88; 1.23) |
44% |
43% |
|
1.02 (0.81; 1.28) |
40% |
38% |
|
1.06 (0.83; 1.37) |
P = 0.80 |
| |
Length, cm |
53.4 |
53.6 |
−0.04 (−0.41; 0.33) |
|
53.3 |
53.3 |
0.10 (−0.42; 0.63) |
|
53.5 |
53.9 |
−0.19 (−0.72; 0.34) |
|
P = 0.47 |
| |
Length-for-age (LAZ), z-score |
−2.91 |
−2.80 |
−0.01 (−0.17; 0.15) |
|
−2.98 |
−2.89 |
−0.03 (−0.26; 0.19) |
|
−2.85 |
−2.70 |
0.01 (−0.21; 0.24) |
|
P = 0.75 |
| |
Stunting (LAZ < −2) |
61% |
55% |
|
1.08 (0.96; 1.21) |
60% |
60% |
|
1.01 (0.86; 1.18) |
62% |
51% |
|
1.15 (0.97; 1.37) |
P = 0.69 |
| |
Head circumference, cm |
37.8 |
37.8 |
0.10 (−0.13; 0.32) |
|
38.0 |
37.6 |
0.37 (0.06; 0.69) |
|
37.7 |
38.0 |
−0.19 (−0.51; 0.12) |
|
P = 0.02 |
| |
Head circumference-for-age, z-score |
−1.46 |
−1.45 |
0.09 (−0.09; 0.26) |
|
−1.37 |
−1.54 |
0.26 (0.01; 0.49) |
|
−1.55 |
−1.35 |
−0.08 (−0.33; 0.16) |
|
P = 0.06 |
|
Girls |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Number |
382 |
373 |
|
|
199 |
183 |
|
|
183 |
190 |
|
|
|
| |
Median age in days |
67 |
66 |
|
|
68 |
67 |
|
|
67 |
66 |
|
|
|
| |
Weight, kg |
4.14 |
4.18 |
−0.01 (−0.10; 0.08) |
|
4.19 |
4.17 |
0.03 (−0.09; 0.16) |
|
4.10 |
4.19 |
−0.06 (−0.19; 0.06) |
|
P = 0.24 |
| |
Weight-for-age (WAZ), z-score |
−2.00 |
−1.94 |
−0.04 (−0.18; 0.10) |
|
−1.93 |
−2.01 |
0.07 (−0.13; 0.28) |
|
−2.08 |
−1.87 |
−0.17 (−0.37; 0.04) |
|
P = 0.08 |
| |
Underweight (WAZ < −2) |
30% |
33% |
|
0.87 (0.72; 1.05) |
28% |
33% |
|
0.82 (0.63; 1.07) |
31% |
34% |
|
0.93 (0.72; 1.21) |
P = 0.49 |
| |
Length, cm |
52.7 |
53.1 |
−0.18 (−0.52; 0.16) |
|
52.7 |
53.2 |
−0.32 (−0.80; 0.16) |
|
52.8 |
53.0 |
−0.03 (−0.52; 0.45) |
|
P = 0.38 |
| |
Length-for-age (LAZ), z-score |
−2.47 |
−2.30 |
−0.11 (−0.26; 0.03) |
|
−2.51 |
−2.31 |
−0.15 (−0.36; 0.06) |
|
−2.44 |
−2.30 |
−0.08 (−0.29; 0.13) |
|
P = 0.63 |
| |
Stunting (LAZ < −2) |
44% |
41% |
|
1.03 (0.90; 1.18) |
44% |
40% |
|
1.06 (0.88; 1.29) |
43% |
42% |
|
1.00 (0.82; 1.21) |
P = 0.80 |
| |
Head circumference, cm |
37.1 |
37.1 |
0.03 (−0.17; 0.24) |
|
37.2 |
37.1 |
0.06 (−0.23; 0.34) |
|
37.0 |
37.0 |
0.00 (−0.29; 0.29) |
|
P = 0.79 |
| Head circumference-for-age, z-score | −1.21 | −1.24 | 0.02 (−0.14; 0.17) | −1.15 | −1.24 | 0.07 (−0.15; 0.29) | −1.28 | −1.24 | −0.03 (−0.26; 0.19) | P = 0.51 | ||||
*Analyses are adjusted for randomisation to BCG and weight/length/head circumference at inclusion.
**Analyses are adjusted for weight/length/head circumference at inclusion.