Table 3. Association of total calorie intake and physical activity with the risk of CIN1, CIN2/3, and cervical cancer.
| Control (n = 543) (%) | CIN1 (n = 190) | CIN2/3 (n = 192) | Cervical cancer (n = 200) | |||||||
| % | Crude OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR1 (95% CI) | % | Crude OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR1 (95% CI) | % | Crude OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR1 (95% CI) | ||
| Total calorie intake (kcal/day) | ||||||||||
| <1571 | 34 | 27 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 22 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 32 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
| 1571 to <1986 | 33 | 33 | 1.19 (0.78–1.82) | 1.04 (0.63–1.72) | 43 | 1.95 (1.28–2.99) | 1.98 (1.22–3.22) | 35 | 1.11 (0.75–1.65) | 1.27 (0.82–1.99) |
| ≥1986 | 33 | 40 | 1.46 (0.97–2.20) | 1.26 (0.77–2.14) | 35 | 1.62 (1.05–2.51) | 1.25 (0.74–2.10) | 33 | 1.02 (0.68–1.52) | 1.35 (0.85–2.15) |
| p for linear trend | 0.06 | 0.34 | 0.04 | 0.52 | 0.94 | 0.19 | ||||
| Leisure-time physical activities (MET-hours/week) | ||||||||||
| <38.5 | 30 | 37 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 43 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 33 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
| 38.5–72 | 36 | 35 | 0.77 (0.52–1.15) | 0.98 (0.61–1.58) | 32 | 0.60 (0.41–0.89) | 0.64 (0.40–1.01) | 39 | 0.95 (0.65–1.40) | 0.95 (0.61–1.48) |
| ≥72 | 34 | 28 | 0.68 (0.45–1.23) | 0.82 (0.50–1.34) | 25 | 0.51 (0.34–0.77) | 0.58 (0.36–0.93) | 28 | 0.73 (0.48–1.10) | 0.61 (0.38–0.98) |
| p for linear trend | 0.06 | 0.42 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.03 | ||||
ORs, odds ratios; 95% CIs, 95% confidence intervals; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; MET, metabolic equivalent.
1
Adjusted for age (years, continuous), parity (0, 1, 2, and ≥3), smoking habit status (never vs. ever), menopause (premenopause vs. postmenopause), human papillomavirus infection status (negative vs. positive), alcohol consumption status (never vs. ever), and oral contraceptive use (never vs. ever).