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. 2013 Jun 12;8(6):e65779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065779

Figure 4. C34 attenuates intestinal inflammation in mouse and human NEC.

Figure 4

A. Representative photomicrographs (i–iii) and gross images (iv–vi) of the ileum from neonatal mice that were either breast fed (i, iv), induced to develop NEC along with vehicle (ii, v), or induced to develop NEC in the presence of C34 (1 mg/kg daily) as described in Methods. B: qRT-PCR showing the expression of iNOS in the intestinal mucosa (i) and NEC severity score (ii) of newborn mice that were either breast fed (“BF”) or induced to develop NEC in the absence (black bars) or presence (white bars) of C34 (1 mg/kg/day). Shown are mean±SEM. *p<0.05 vehicle NEC vs breast fed; **p<0.05 NEC+34 vs NEC+vehicle. Representative of 5 separate experiments with over 5 neonatal mice per group. C: qRT-PCR showing expression of iNOS (i) and TNFα (ii) in the resected ileal tissue from neonates with NEC that was subsequently treated with saline or LPS in the presence of vehicle or C34 for 3 hours. Shown is mean±SEM from 3 separate specimens; *p<0.05 LPS vs saline; ***p<0.05 LPS+vehicle vs C34+ saline; **p<0.05 LPS+vehicle versus LPS+C34. The y axes in panels B and C indicate the fold increase of the indicated gene relative to the housekeeping gene GAPDH.