Figure 1. The ratio of approaches per hour (mean ± SE) mothers gave (▪) and received (□) before parturition and after giving birth.

Mother received significantly more approaches from nonmothers in the months following infant births than in the 5 months prior to giving birth (paired t test: t ₃₅ = −10.01, p<0.05). New mothers approached other females less after giving birth than before parturition (paired t test: t ₃₅ = 12.05, p<0.05).