Table 1:

Baseline characteristics of participants at high risk of cardiovascular disease who received enhanced usual care (control) or naturopathic care

Characteristics	Naturopathic care, n = 124		Control, n = 122
	n	Mean ± SD or no. (%)*	n	Mean ± SD or no. (%)*
Metabolic syndrome†	107	59 (55.1)	113	49 (43.4)
Cardiovascular risk†	109	10.73 (8.13)	114	9.54 (6.88)
Height, m	109	1.69 ± 0.1	114	1.7 ± 0.1
Weight, kg	109	85.5 ± 20.9	114	81.8 ± 16.7
Body mass index	109	29.5 ± 7.0	112	28.3 ± 5.3
Waist circumference, cm	109	101.8 ± 13.6	112	98.9 ± 12.9
Hip circumference, cm	109	109.3 ± 13.6	112	106.5 ± 9.6
Waist to hip ratio	109	0.93 ± 0.06	112	0.93 ± 0.06
LDL, mmol/L	98	3.49 ± 0.98	108	3.3 ± 0.98
HDL, mmol/L	108	1.15 ± 0.48	112	2.09 ± 10.29
Triglycerides, mmol/L	110	2.29 ± 1.34	114	2.25 ± 1.26
Ratio of total cholesterol to HDL	105	5.27 ± 1.57	112	5 ± 1.17
Glycated hemoglobin, %	109	5.81 ± 1.06	113	5.7 ± 0.97
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L	110	5.86 ± 1.91	114	5.72 ± 1.77
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	109	125.5 ± 16.4	114	123.2 ± 17.0
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	109	81.9 ± 10.9	114	81.9 ± 10.9
Current smoker	109	9 (11.3)	113	18 (15.8)
No. of packs per week, if smoked, median (IQR)	9	5 (3.5–7)	18	3.68 (2–7)
Alcohol use	109	48 (44.0)	114	50 (43.9)
No. of drinks per week, if consumed alcohol	48	6.67 ± 7	50	6.44 ± 8.45
Caffeine use	109	93 (85.3)	113	105 (92.9)
Cups/wk, all participants	109	14.96 ± 14.9	113	12.92 ± 12.13
Cups/wk, if consumed caffeine	93	17.54 ± 14.67	105	13.90 ± 12.02
Exercise intensity, min/wk
Low	107	146.7 ± 374.3	114	153.2 ± 399.2
Medium	109	15.9 ± 44.9	112	3.7 ± 18.2
High	109	8.4 ± 50.9	112	3.5 ± 22.1

Note: HDL = high-density lipoprotein, IQR = interquartile range, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, SD = standard deviation.

^*Unless stated otherwise.

^†Compound derived primary outcomes.