Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics
| Variable | Amputation Cohort (n = 14) | Control Cohort (n = 12) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 65.0 (26.0–88.0) | 57.0 (22.0–78.0) | 0.26 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.67 | ||
| Caucasian | 9 (64.3) | 9 (75.0) | |
| African-American | 3 (21.4) | 3 (25.0) | |
| Hispanic | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Female | 3 (21.4) | 4 (33.3) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.0 (19.2–38.5) | 31.1 (23.7–50.9) | < 0.01 |
| BMI category, kg/m2 | < 0.01 | ||
| <18.5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 11 (78.6) | 1 (8.3) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 1 (7.1) | 3 (25.0) | |
| 30.0–34.9 | 1 (7.1) | 6 (50.0) | |
| 35.0–39.9 | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| ≥40.0 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (78.6) | 1 (8.3) | < 0.01 |
| Hypertension | 13 (92.9) | 8 (66.7) | 0.15 |
| CHF | 5 (35.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.04 |
| CVA | 3 (21.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.22 |
| CAD | 10 (71.4) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.01 |
| Renal disease | 7 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.01 |
| Pulmonary disease | 6 (42.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.02 |
| Smoking history | 8 (57.1) | 3 (25.0) | 0.10 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 10 (71.4) | 6 (50.0) | 0.42 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 139.0 (112.0–195.0) | 174.0 (129.0–199.0) | 0.27 |
| LDL, mg/dl | 79.0 (54.0–114.0) | 88.2 (63.0–124.0) | 0.47 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 39.0 (28.0–66.0) | 57.0 (40.0–66.0) | 0.08 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 104.0 (76.0–173.0) | 123.5 (78.0–247.0) | 0.38 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 117.5 (94.0–334.0) | 92.5 (71.0–160.0) | 0.01 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.95 (5.1–10.8) | 5.85 (5.4–6.3) | 0.31 |
| HbA1c (diabetics only), % | 7.0 (5.1–10.8) | 6.3 (6.3–6.3) | 0.56 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.4 (0.7–7.8) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.06 |
| Aspirin | 10 (71.4) | 9 (75.0) | 0.99 |
| Warfarin | 4 (28.6) | 5 (41.7) | 0.68 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 4 (28.6) | 1 (8.3) | 0.33 |
| Beta blocker | 12 (85.7) | 1 (8.3) | < 0.01 |
| ACE inhibitor | 4 (28.6) | 4 (33.3) | 0.99 |
| ARB | 2 (14.3) | 3 (25.0) | 0.63 |
| Statin | 11 (78.6) | 5 (41.7) | 0.10 |
| Metformin | 2 (14.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0.99 |
| Oral steroid | 2 (14.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0.99 |
Data are reported as no. (%) or median (range). BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CAD, coronary artery disease; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.