Fig. 4.

TGR5 agonists differentially affect ERK signaling in nonciliated and ciliated cholangiocytes. The TGR5 agonists TLCA and INT-777 (both 25 μmol) decreased the ratio of phosphorylated ERK to total ERK (p-ERK/t-ERK ratio) in nonciliated H69 cells but increased this ratio in ciliated cholangiocytes. UDCA (25 μmol, negative control) did not affect ERK signaling in both nonciliated and ciliated cholangiocytes, whereas EGF (20 ng/ml, positive control) increased the p-ERK/t-ERK ratio in both cell types. Representative Western blots and quantitative data from 3 separate experiments are shown. *P < 0.05.