Fig. 4.

A–C: examples of mean ABP, integrated and raw lumbar SNA, and integrated and raw renal SNA of rats that received a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp after pretreatment with control affibody in the ARC (A), anti-insulin affibody in the ARC (B), or anti-insulin affibody in the VMH (C). Summary data are shown in Fig. 5, and histology is shown in Fig. 6. Infusion of insulin increased lumbar SNA in rats that received a control antibody injection in the ARC or an anti-insulin injection in the VMH. However, the lumbar sympathoexcitatory response was absent in rats pretreated with the anti-insulin affibody in the ARC. Arrows denote ARC injection.