Fig. 5.

Mean ± SE values of mean ABP, lumbar SNA, renal SNA, heart rate [in beats/min (bpm)], and blood glucose of rats that received a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp after pretreatment with the control affibody in the ARC, anti-insulin affibody in the ARC, or anti-insulin affibody in the VMH. Injection sites are shown in Fig. 6. Infusion of insulin increased lumbar SNA in rats that received a control antibody injection in the ARC or anti-insulin injection in the VMH. However, the lumbar sympathoexcitatory response was absent in rats pretreated with the anti-insulin affibody in the ARC. Arrows denote ARC injection. *P < 0.05, ARC control affibody vs. ARC anti-insulin affibody; †P < 0.05, VMH anti-insulin vs. ARC anti-insulin.