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Original polygraph records showing cardiorespiratory responses to a voluntary increase and decrease in breathing frequency (fB) [with corresponding decrease and increase in tidal volume (VT)] in a representative subject. In this example, steady-state values for muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) burst frequency remained unchanged over the range of fB and VT (39, 41, and 38 bursts/min for spontaneous breathing, 7 breaths/min, and 21 breaths/min). PetCO2, end-tidal CO2 tension.
