Experimental records illustrating the effect of TNF-α pretreatment on pulmonary chemoreflexes elicited by Cap, PBG, and AITC in anesthetized WT and p55/p75-null mice. TNF-α (10 μg/ml, 0.03 ml) was administered by intratracheal instillation 24 h before the experiments. Intravenous bolus (0.05 ml volume) injections of Cap (0.5 μg/kg), PBG (60 μg/kg), and AITC (0.6 mg/kg) were made at arrows. Body weights in WT mice (top) from left to right were 32.1, 34.5, and 34.5 g, respectively; p55/p75-null mice were 28.3, 26.6, and 26.6 g, respectively.