. 2013 Mar 20;2(2):79–86. doi: 10.1530/EC-12-0072

Table 3.

Insulin sensitivity in overweight, sedentary women with a history of GDM, controls, and women with type 2 diabetes.

	Premenopausal GDM (n=11)	Postmenopausal GDM (n=20)	Postmenopausal controls (n=26)	Postmenopausal T2DM (n=16)
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	5.5±0.2	5.9±0.2	5.5±0.1	7.1±0.4^‡ ^, ^§ ^, ^∥
Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l)	70±15	90±11	71±5	120±27^‡ ^, ^∥
Glucose_{at 120 min of OGTT} (mmol/l)	8.3±0.9	9.2±0.7^†	6.7±0.4	13.4±0.6^‡ ^, ^§ ^, ^∥
Insulin_{at 120 min of OGTT} (pmol/l)	386±86*	759±149^†	504±14	668±264
10–180 min of clamp: glucose (mmol/l)	5.33±0.16	5.73±0.13	5.38±0.09	6.04±0.43
Insulin (pmol/l)	454±24	585±30	492±13	518±38
Last 30 min of clamp: (μmol/kg_FFM per min) glucose usage (M)	53.9±5.8*	39.2±5.8	50.3±3.2	32.7±6.5^‡ ^, ^∥
Nonoxidative glucose disposal	37.5±5.6	28.1±3.7	27.7±2.3	24.8±6.8
Oxidative glucose disposal	17.9±2.6	12.8±1.8^†	22.2±1.6	9.8±1.7^‡ ^, ^∥

Values are means±s.e.m. OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test. *P≤0.05 premenopausal GDM vs postmenopausal GDM. ^† P<0.05 postmenopausal GDM vs postmenopausal controls. ^‡ P<0.05 premenopausal GDM vs postmenopausal T2DM. ^§ P<0.05 postmenopausal GDM vs postmenopausal T2DM. ^∥ P<0.05 postmenopausal controls vs postmenopausal T2DM.