Table 3.
Comparison of prevalence rates by country and network41
| Country | Latin-America | Cuba | Costa Rica | Mexico | Spain | Finland | Texas | Ecuador | Ecuador |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Network | ECLAMC | RECUMAC | CREC | RYVEMCE | ECEMC | CREC | BDES | ECLAMC | Our data* |
| Year | 2005 | 2005 | 2005 | 2005 | 2005 | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2009 |
| Total births | 192,882 | 117,923 | 71,548 | 29,463 | 106,728 | 57,927 | 383,192 | 66,843 | 2,319,737 |
| Anencephaly | 5.08 | 2.46 | 1.26 | 2.72 | 0.19 | 3.11 | 2.24 | 3.1 | 0.34 |
| Spina bifida | 8.71 | 5.43 | 2.80 | 4.75 | 1.50 | 5.01 | 4.49 | 4.2 | 2.49 |
| Encephalocele | 2.64 | 1.36 | 0.56 | 1.02 | 0.28 | 2.07 | 0.55 | 0.9 | 0.48 |
| Microcephaly | 3.94 | 0.93 | 1.68 | 3.05 | 1.03 | 1.73 | 8.72 | 1.9 | 0.59 |
| Holoprosencephaly | 1.56 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 2.72 | 0.47 | 1.73 | 0.99 | nr | 0.04 |
| Hydrocephaly | 14.78 | 8.90 | 1.26 | 7.47 | 1.97 | 5.18 | 6.03 | 5.5 | 3.77 |
| Anophthalmos | 2.70 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 1.36 | 0.09 | 0.35 | 0.29 | nr | nr |
| Microphthalmos | 1.30 | 0.17 | 0.70 | nr | 1.41 | 1.21 | 2.30 | nr | nr |
| Anophthalmos/microphthalmos | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | nr | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.1 | nr |
| Anotia | 0.41 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 9.16 | 0.00 | nr | 0.31 | nr | nr |
| Microtia | 6.95 | 0.25 | 1.96 | nr | 1.31 | nr | 3.00 | 10.8 | 1.19 |
| Unspecified anotia/microtia | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.00 | nr | 0.00 | 4.66 | 0.00 | nr | nr |
| Transposition of great vessels | 0.62 | 2.37 | 0.14 | 0.68 | 1.22 | 3.63 | 4.36 | 2.1 | 0.43 |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 1.24 | 1.53 | 1.12 | 0.00 | 0.75 | 4.66 | 2.66 | nr | 0.64 |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 1.04 | 1.53 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 4.49 | 2.01 | 0.3 | nr |
| Coarctation of aorta | 0.31 | 1.10 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.75 | 8.11 | 4.38 | nr | 0.19 |
| Choanal atresia, bilateral | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 1.04 | 0.73 | nr | 0.17 |
| Cleft palate without cleft lip | 5.86 | 2.37 | 2.38 | 3.05 | 4.12 | 14.33 | 5.09 | 4.2 | 1.91 |
| Cleft lip with or without cleft palate | 14.52 | 4.66 | 6.01 | 12.56 | 3.09 | 11.05 | 11.46 | 18 | 3.24 |
| Esophageal atresia/stenosis with or without fistula | 3.37 | 2.37 | 2.38 | 2.72 | 1.87 | 3.80 | 1.57 | 2.8 | 0.93 |
| Small intestine atresia/stenosis | 3.99 | 1.87 | 0.98 | 2.38 | 0.37 | 0.86 | 1.72 | 0.9 | 0.62 |
| Anorectal atresia/stenosis | 5.81 | 0.93 | 3.77 | 4.41 | 1.97 | 4.66 | 4.33 | 3.9 | 1.23 |
| Undescended testis | 7.05 | 3.48 | 8.39 | nr | 2.44 | nr | 10.52 | nr | 1.21 |
| Hypospadias | 4.15 | 10.18 | 4.89 | 5.77 | 1.31 | 12.08 | 16.26 | 2.5 | 0.18 |
| Epispadias | 0.05 | 0.34 | 0.14 | 0.34 | 0.19 | 2.76 | 0.65 | nr | nr |
| Indeterminate sex | 2.49 | 0.51 | 1.82 | 2.72 | 0.66 | 0.00 | 0.81 | nr | 0.08 |
| Renal agenesis | 2.64 | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.02 | 0.19 | 1.55 | 1.91 | nr | 0.05 |
| Cystic kidney | 3.27 | 2.80 | 0.28 | 0.68 | 1.78 | 1.90 | 5.30 | 2.2 | 0.31 |
| Bladder exstrophy | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 7.60 | 0.29 | nr | 0.03 |
| Polydactyly, preaxial | 4.25 | 0.85 | 9.50 | 11.20 | 3.19 | 0.69 | 3.00 | 3 | 1.11 |
| Diaphragmatic hernia | 3.63 | 2.46 | 2.80 | 1.36 | 1.03 | 0.00 | 2.56 | 1.6 | 0.47 |
| Omphalocele | 4.51 | 2.37 | 1.54 | 2.04 | 0.84 | 3.80 | 2.04 | 1.3 | 0.38 |
| Gastroschisis | 5.18 | 3.31 | 1.12 | 5.77 | 0.09 | 5.35 | 4.18 | 0.1 | 0.78 |
| Prune belly sequence | 0.73 | 0.08 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.31 | nr | nr |
| Trisomy 13 | 0.67 | 1.19 | 1.12 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 1.17 | nr | nr |
| Trisomy 18 | 1.71 | 1.36 | 1.82 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 1.38 | 2.45 | nr | 0.05 |
| Down’s syndrome, all ages | 18.51 | 10.94 | 8.11 | 11.20 | 7.40 | 7.60 | 12.81 | 13.6 | 3.70 |
*
Our data are from the national Registry of Admission/Discharge, source INEC.11 It analyzed the data from children under 1 year of age.
Abbreviations: ECLAMC, Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations; RECUMAC, Cuban Register of Congenital Malformation; RYVEMCE, Mexican Registry and Epidemiological Surveillance of External Congenital Malformations; ECEMC, Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations; BDES, Texas Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch; CREC, Costa Rican Birth Defects Register Center.41