Table 4.

Major congenital malformations in Ecuador reported by the ECLAMC Network4

Malformation	N =	Rate	ICD-10	ICD-8	Rank
Cleft lip	120	18	Q35	749A	1
Down’s syndrome	91	13.6	Q90	7593	2
Postaxial polidactily	90	13.5	Q69	7550	3
Talipes equinovarus	73	10.9	Q66	7541	4
Microtia/anotia	72	10.8	Q17	745A	5
Subluxation of hip	72	10.8	Q65	7556	6
Hydrocephaly	37	5.5	Q03	7420	7
Bifid spine	28	4.2	Q05	741	8
Cleft palate	28	4.2	Q36	7490	9
Imperforate anus	26	3.9	Q42	7512	10
Anencephaly	21	3.1	Q00	7400	11
Septal defects	20	3.0	Q21	746SE	12
Preaxial polidactily	20	3.0	Q69	7550B	13
Esophageal atresia	19	2.8	Q39	7502	14
Syndactyly	18	2.7	Q70	7551R	15
Hypospadias	17	2.5	Q54	7522	16
Limb agenesia (amputation)	17	2.1	Q74	755/2	17
Polycystic kidney	15	2.2	Q61	7531	18
Trunk conal defect	14	2.1	Q21	746TO	19
Anophthalmos/microphthalmos	14	2.1	Q11	744	20
Talipes talovalgus	13	1.9	Q66	7542	21
Microcephaly	13	1.9	Q02	7431	22
Congenital hydronephrosis	12	1.8	Q62	7532	23
Diaphragmatic hernia	11	1.6	Q79	75681	24
Other cardiopathies	10	1.5	Q20	746	25

Notes: BPR calculated from 66,843 lives births in 12 hospitals of the network.

Abbreviations: ICD, International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition and 8th Edition.29