Table 1.
Semi-quantitative assessment and regional distribution of neuronal loss and α-synuclein pathology
| Neuronal loss | Neuronal α-synuclein pathology | α-Synuclein threads | Oligodendroglial α-synuclein inclusions | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annular or crescent | Globular | Diffuse | NFT-like | ||||
| Cortex | |||||||
| Frontal | + | ++ | + | + | – | ++ | + |
| Motor | + | ++ | + | + | – | +++ | + |
| Temporal | +++ | +++ | + | + | – | +++ | – |
| Parietal | + | +++ | ++ | + | – | +++ | – |
| Occipital | – | + | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cingulate | ++ | +++ | ++ | + | – | +++ | – |
| Insular | +++ | +++ | + | + | – | +++ | – |
| Sub-cortical white matter | |||||||
| Frontal | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | + |
| Motor | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | ++ |
| Temporal | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | + |
| Parietal | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | + |
| Occipital | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | – |
| Cingulate | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | + |
| Internal capsule | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ++ | + |
| External capsule | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ++ | + |
| Amygdala | +++ | ++ | ++ | + | – | +++ | + |
| Hippocampus | |||||||
| DF | – | +++ | + | + | – | ++ | – |
| CA4 | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | +++ | + |
| CA3 | +++ | + | + | – | – | ++ | – |
| CA2 | +++ | – | – | – | – | ++ | – |
| CA1 | + | +++ | + | + | + | +++ | – |
| Subiculum | + | ++ | ++ | + | + | +++ | – |
| Entorhinal cortex | ++ | +++ | + | + | + | +++ | – |
| Transentorhinal cortex | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | ++ | – |
| Caudate | + | + | +++ | ++ | + | +++ | – |
| Putamen | + | ++ | +++ | ++ | + | +++ | – |
| Globus pallidus | – | + | – | – | – | + | + |
| Thalamus | – | – | + | + | – | + | + |
| Subthalamic nucleus | – | – | – | + | – | ++ | – |
| Red nucleus | – | – | – | – | – | + | + |
| III nerve nucleus | – | + | + | + | – | + | – |
| Substantia nigra | +++ | – | – | – | – | ++ | + |
| Locus coeruleus | +++ | – | – | – | – | ++ | – |
| Pontine nuclei | – | – | – | + | – | + | + |
| Pontine base white matter | N/A | – | – | – | – | ++ | ++ |
| Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus | +++ | – | – | – | – | ++ | – |
| Twelfth nerve nucleus | – | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Inferior olive | + | – | – | ++ | – | + | – |
| Cerebellar hemisphere Purkinje cells | ++ | – | – | – | – | – | N/A |
| Cerebellar hemisphere white matter | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ++ | ++ |
| Dentate nucleus | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cervical cord anterior horn | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cervical cord white matter | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | – |
Oligodendroglial α-synuclein: cytoplasmic inclusions usually with similar morphology to GCIs of MSA, less frequently resembling coiled bodies
N/A not applicable, NFT neurofibrillary tangle