Table 2.
ORs for type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders according to quartiles of trans-18:1 fatty acid
| trans-18:1 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | 0.138 | 0.177 | 0.214 | 0.270 | |
| Type 2 diabetesa | 116 | 111 | 97 | 101 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.81 (0.61, 1.08) | 0.65 (0.48, 0.88) | 0.65 (0.48, 0.88) | 0.003 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.75 (0.55, 1.02) | 0.59 (0.43, 0.81) | 0.61 (0.44, 0.85) | 0.002 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.75 (0.55, 1.03) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.81) | 0.68 (0.48, 0.97) | 0.02 |
| Central obesitya | 381 | 429 | 368 | 322 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.11 (0.90, 1.38) | 0.72 (0.58, 0.90) | 0.47 (0.38, 0.59) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.15 (0.83, 1.60) | 0.87 (0.62, 1.21) | 0.67 (0.47, 0.95) | 0.004 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.14 (0.82, 1.60) | 0.85 (0.60, 1.19) | 0.66 (0.46, 0.94) | 0.004 |
| Hypertriacylglycerolaemiaa | 205 | 215 | 182 | 154 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.92 (0.73, 1.16) | 0.68 (0.54, 0.87) | 0.48 (0.38, 0.62) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.96) | 0.58 (0.44, 0.75) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.91 (0.72, 1.16) | 0.70 (0.55, 0.91) | 0.50 (0.38, 0.65) | <0.0001 |
| Low HDL-cholesterola | 372 | 333 | 321 | 290 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.75 (0.61, 0.92) | 0.67 (0.54, 0.83) | 0.47 (0.38, 0.59) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.73 (0.59, 0.91) | 0.74 (0.59, 0.92) | 0.57 (0.45, 0.72) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.73 (0.58, 0.91) | 0.73 (0.58, 0.92) | 0.56 (0.44, 0.72) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperglycaemiaa | 307 | 334 | 320 | 295 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.00 (0.81, 1.24) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.07) | 0.75 (0.60, 0.94) | 0.004 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.96 (0.77, 1.20) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.09) | 0.80 (0.63, 1.00) | 0.04 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.97 (0.78, 1.21) | 0.86 (0.68, 1.08) | 0.80 (0.62, 1.02) | 0.04 |
| High blood pressurea | 575 | 575 | 530 | 519 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.97 (0.77, 1.23) | 0.72 (0.57, 0.91) | 0.71 (0.56, 0.90) | 0.0007 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.00 (0.78, 1.28) | 0.80 (0.63, 1.03) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.14) | 0.20 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.99 (0.77, 1.27) | 0.79 (0.62, 1.01) | 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) | 0.23 |
| Insulin resistance | 229 | 244 | 197 | 164 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.02 (0.82, 1.27) | 0.72 (0.58, 0.91) | 0.51 (0.40, 0.65) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) | 0.80 (0.63, 1.03) | 0.63 (0.49, 0.82) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.00 (0.79, 1.28) | 0.79 (0.61, 1.01) | 0.62 (0.47, 0.81) | 0.0001 |
| Chronic inflammation | 109 | 102 | 76 | 81 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.83 (0.62, 1.12) | 0.57 (0.42, 0.79) | 0.59 (0.43, 0.81) | 0.0003 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.82 (0.61, 1.11) | 0.61 (0.44, 0.84) | 0.67 (0.48, 0.93) | 0.008 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.81 (0.60, 1.10) | 0.61 (0.44, 0.84) | 0.69 (0.49, 0.97) | 0.01 |
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex and north/south and urban/rural locations
Model 2: further adjusted for family history of chronic diseases, education, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, energy intake, consumption of carbohydrate and protein (% of energy) and BMI
Model 3: further adjusted for energy-adjusted dietary GI, red meat, vegetables, fruits, dietary fibre and erythrocyte trans-18:2 fatty acids levels
a
Number of participants in Q1–Q4 were 777, 777, 776 and 777, respectively. Numbers of cases in each quartile are shown