Table 2.

Stakeholders’ ethical concerns by fields of PM

		Fields of PM
		Research	Clinical Use ( Health Care )
			Prevention	Treatment
Ethical Concerns	Individual Level	Informed Consent for Biomarker Studies	Impact on Individual Well-Being	Higher Risks for Patients
		Confidentiality & Data Protection	Confidentiality & Data Protection
		Right to Know/Right not to Know	Right to Know/Right not to Know
		Study Designs (Patient Relevant Outcomes)	Increased Individual Responsibility for Health
	Societal Level	Allocation of Resources	(Genetic) Discrimination	Distribution