Table 3. Association of serum uric acid levels with IFG-WHO, IFG-ADA, newly detected diabetes, and known diabetes compared with normal fasting glucose.
| CharacteristicsFasting plasma glucose | Category | |||||
| <100 mg/dL | 100–109 mg/dL | 110–125 mg/dL | 100–125 mg/dL | ≥126 mg/dL | Medication | |
| NFG | High NFG-WHO | IFG-WHO | IFG-ADA | Newly detected diabetes | Known diabetes | |
| Men | N = 726 | N = 208 | N = 136 | N = 344 | N = 92 | N = 47 |
| Women | N = 1,145 | N = 256 | N = 106 | N = 362 | N = 66 | N = 63 |
| Model 1 Total | Reference | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 1.22 (1.14–1.40) | 1.17 (1.09–1.25) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) |
| Men | Reference | 1.09 (0.98–1.22) | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) |
| Women | Reference | 1.10 (0.97–1.24) | 1.35 (1.14–1.60) | 1.17 (1.05–1.30) | 1.36 (1.11–1.68) | 1.00 (0.79–1.26) |
| Model 2 Total | Reference | 1.13 (1.04–1.24) | 1.28 (1.15–1.43) | 1.18 (1.10–1.28) | 1.14 (0.99–1.31) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) |
| Men | Reference | 1.10 (0.97–1.24) | 1.16 (1.01–1.34) | 1.12 (1.01–1.24) | 0.96 (0.81–1.13) | 0.96 (0.81–1.13) |
| Women | Reference | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 1.40 (1.16–1.69) | 1.19 (1.05–1.33) | 1.60 (1.26–2.02) | 1.09 (0.85–1.41) |
| Model 3 Total | Reference | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | 1.28 (1.14–1.44) | 1.16 (1.07–1.25) | 1.08 (0.94–1.25) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) |
| Men | Reference | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 1.17 (1.01–1.36) | 1.10 (0.98–1.22) | 0.92 (0.78–1.10) | 0.87 (0.69–1.11) |
| Women | Reference | 1.09 (0.95–1.26) | 1.35 (1.11–1.64) | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | 1.47 (1.14–1.88) | 1.02 (0.78–1.33) |
| Model 4 Total | Reference | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.21 (1.08–1.37) | 1.10 (1.02–1.20) | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 0.95 (0.79–1.13) |
| Men | Reference | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 1.15 (0.99–1.34) | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 0.90 (0.76–1.08) | 0.87 (0.68–1.11) |
| Women | Reference | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 1.23 (1.00–1.50) | 1.07 (0.95–1.22) | 1.33 (1.03–1.72) | 0.99 (0.75–1.30) |
| P-value for serum uric acid * sex interaction | 0.737 | 0.349 | 0.940 | 0.005 | 0.520 | |
Odds ratio expressed per mg/dL increment in serum uric acid value; if the confidence intervals around the odds ratio overlap, then the odds ratios are not significantly different. Model 1: adjusted for age and gender (only total sample). Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, current smoker, current drinker, actual hypertension, and eGFR. Model 3: adjusted for age, gender, current smoker, current drinker, actual hypertension, eGFR, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication, and urate-lowering medication. Model 4: adjusted for age, gender, current smoker, current drinker, actual hypertension, eGFR, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication, urate-lowering medication, and body mass index. Data for triglycerides was skewed and log-transformed for analysis.