Table 1.
Maternal Characteristics of Participants (N=666) by Delivery Group
| Characteristic* | Unlabored Cesarean (n=131) |
Cesarean in Labor (n=150) |
Cesarean After Complete Dilation (n=81) |
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (n=225) |
Vacuum Delivery (n=30) |
Forceps Delivery (n=49) |
P† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 41.5 (38.3–45.2) | 40.3 (36.9–43.5) | 40.7 (37.5–45.3) | 40.8 (37.3–44.1) | 40.0 (38.3–44.1) | 42.6 (40.5–45.2) | .022 |
| Years from first delivery | 8.2 (7.4–9.8) | 8.5 (7.5–10.0) | 8.3 (7.0–10.2) | 8.6 (7.6–10.4) | 9.5 (7.9–10.9) | 8.7 (7.7–10.3) | .047 |
| African-American race | 12 (9) | 28 (19) | 3 (4) | 23 (10) | 3 (10) | 3 (6) | .009 |
| Maternal age older than 35 y at first delivery | 48 (37) | 36 (24) | 26 (32) | 65 (29) | 5 (17) | 19 (39) | .076 |
| Multiparous | 93 (71) | 107 (71) | 61 (75) | 176 (78) | 24 (80) | 32 (65) | .325 |
| Body mass index 30 kg/m2 or higher | 38 (29) | 49 (33) | 16 (20) | 48 (21) | 5 (17) | 7 (14) | .025 |
Data are median (interquartile range) or n (%) unless otherwise specified.
*
Measured at the time of muscle strength test unless otherwise noted.
†
Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables; χ2 tests for categorical variables.