Table 2.

Negative and Positive Correlations between vitamin D and upper gastrointestinal cancer reported in nine studies.

	Negative						Positive
	EC	EAC	EGJAC	ESCC	GC	GNCA	EC	EAC	ESCC	ESCD	GC	GCA
Tran et al 2012		0.82a, 0.59b	0.83a, 0.55b	0.94a, 0.91b
Mulholland 2011								1.99
Abnet et al 2010			No correlation						No correlation
Chen et al 2010	0.42c, 0.89d				0.62c, 0.99d		1.12e, 1.00f				1.08e, 0.92f
Lipworth et al 2009				0.84g, 0.58h
Chen et al 2007						0.98			1.07			1.03
Abnet et al 2007a										1.86
Giovannucci et al 2006	0.37				0.58
Boscoe and Schymura 2006	1.27i, 1.36j

EAC = Esophageal Adenocarcinoma; EC = Esophageal Cancer; EGJAC = Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma; ESCC = Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; GC = Gastric Cancer

Statistically significant values are bolded. The absence of a value in a field indicates this statistic was not evaluated by the study.

^aThis OR is for each increase in 10⁷ J/m² of cumulative ambient UVB exposure. See text for further explanation.

^bThis OR is for highest v. lowest tertile. See text for further explanation.

^cRural incidence ratio

^dRural mortality ratio

^eUrban incidence ratio

^fUrban mortality ratio

^gThis OR is for vitamin D status reported as a continuous variable.

^hThis OR is with respect to the lowest tertile of vitamin D status.

ⁱIncidence ratio

^jMortality ratio