Table 1.
Clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics of colorectal cancer cases according to post-diagnosis physical activity quartile
| Clinical, pathologic or molecular feature | Total N | Post-diagnosis physical activity quartile
|
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (Lowest) | Q2 (Second) | Q3 (Third) | Q4 (Highest) | |||
| All cases | 605 | 152 | 146 | 158 | 149 | |
| Sex | 0.99 | |||||
| Male (HPFS) | 305 (50%) | 77 (51%) | 75 (51%) | 78 (49%) | 75 (50%) | |
| Female (NHS) | 300 (50%) | 75 (49%) | 71 (49%) | 80 (51%) | 74 (50%) | |
| Mean age (SD) | 67.3 (8.0) | 68.2 (8.5) | 67.8 (8.1) | 66.7 (7.5) | 66.4 (7.6) | 0.025 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.017 | |||||
| <30 | 503 (83%) | 116 (76%) | 123 (84%) | 130 (82%) | 134 (90%) | |
| ≥30 | 102 (17%) | 36 (24%) | 23 (16%) | 28 (18%) | 15 (10%) | |
| Family history of colorectal cancer in first degree relative(s) | 0.93 | |||||
| (−) | 482 (80%) | 122 (80%) | 114 (78%) | 128 (81%) | 118 (79%) | |
| (+) | 123 (20%) | 30 (20%) | 32 (22%) | 30 (19%) | 31 (21%) | |
| Year of diagnosis | 0.54 | |||||
| Prior to 1995 | 243 (40%) | 55 (36%) | 65 (45%) | 64 (41%) | 59 (40%) | |
| 1995 to 2006 | 362 (60%) | 97 (64%) | 81 (55%) | 94 (59%) | 90 (60%) | |
| Post-diagnosis aspirin use | 0.80 | |||||
| Non-user | 368 (61%) | 93 (62%) | 85 (58%) | 95 (60%) | 95 (64%) | |
| Aspirin user | 236 (39%) | 58 (38%) | 61 (42%) | 63 (40%) | 54 (36%) | |
| Post-diagnosis smoking status | 0.10 | |||||
| Never | 238 (41%) | 60 (42%) | 58 (41%) | 57 (38%) | 63 (43%) | |
| Former | 305 (53%) | 72 (51%) | 68 (49%) | 84 (55%) | 81 (55%) | |
| Current | 37 (6.4%) | 10 (7.0%) | 14 (10%) | 11 (7.2%) | 2 (1.4%) | |
| Post-diagnosis alcohol consumption | 0.85 | |||||
| None | 229 (39%) | 58 (41%) | 56 (39%) | 62 (40%) | 53 (36%) | |
| Any | 362 (61%) | 85 (59%) | 88 (61%) | 94 (60%) | 95 (64%) | |
| Tumor location | 0.92 | |||||
| Cecum | 108 (18%) | 26 (17%) | 23 (16%) | 33 (21%) | 26 (17%) | |
| Ascending to transverse colon | 156 (26%) | 36 (24%) | 38 (26%) | 43 (28%) | 39 (26%) | |
| Splenic flexure to sigmoid | 190 (32%) | 47 (31%) | 50 (34%) | 44 (28%) | 49 (33%) | |
| Rectosigmoid and rectum | 149 (25%) | 43 (28%) | 35 (24%) | 36 (23%) | 35 (23%) | |
| Disease stage | 0.99 | |||||
| I | 161 (27%) | 38 (25%) | 38 (26%) | 43 (27%) | 42 (28%) | |
| II | 212 (35%) | 51 (34%) | 54 (37%) | 53 (34%) | 54 (36%) | |
| III | 165 (27%) | 45 (30%) | 38 (26%) | 45 (28%) | 37 (25%) | |
| Unknown | 67 (11%) | 18 (12%) | 16 (11%) | 17 (11%) | 16 (11%) | |
| Tumor differentiation | 0.70 | |||||
| Well to moderate | 556 (93%) | 142 (94%) | 136 (94%) | 140 (91%) | 138 (93%) | |
| Poor | 42 (7.0%) | 9 (6.0%) | 9 (6.2%) | 14 (9.1%) | 10 (6.8%) | |
| CIMP status | 0.21 | |||||
| CIMP-low/0 | 483 (84%) | 116 (82%) | 119 (84%) | 123 (81%) | 125 (89%) | |
| CIMP-high | 92 (16%) | 26 (18%) | 22 (16%) | 29 (19%) | 15 (11%) | |
| MSI status | 0.37 | |||||
| MSS | 482 (84%) | 119 (83%) | 118 (85%) | 122 (81%) | 123 (88%) | |
| MSI-high | 90 (16%) | 25 (17%) | 21 (15%) | 28 (19%) | 16 (12%) | |
| LINE-1 methylation level [Mean (SD)] | 61.8 (9.5) | 61.4 (9.9) | 60.8 (10.0) | 62.2 (9.3) | 62.8 (8.9) | 0.12 |
| BRAF mutation | 0.77 | |||||
| (−) | 510 (89%) | 130 (90%) | 124 (89%) | 131 (87%) | 125 (90%) | |
| (+) | 64 (11%) | 14 (9.7%) | 16 (11%) | 20 (13%) | 14 (10%) | |
| KRAS mutation | 0.25 | |||||
| (−) | 364 (63%) | 94 (65%) | 87 (62%) | 104 (68%) | 79 (57%) | |
| (+) | 213 (37%) | 51 (35%) | 53 (38%) | 49 (32%) | 60 (43%) | |
| CDKN1B (p27) expression | 0.36 | |||||
| (−) | 234 (39%) | 52 (34%) | 64 (44%) | 63 (40%) | 55 (37%) | |
| (+) | 371 (61%) | 100 (66%) | 82 (56%) | 95 (60%) | 94 (63%) | |
| Nuclear CTNNB1 (β-catenin) expression | 0.53 | |||||
| (−) | 290 (53%) | 76 (58%) | 72 (54%) | 75 (53%) | 67 (49%) | |
| (+) | 255 (47%) | 56 (42%) | 62 (46%) | 66 (47%) | 71 (51%) | |
| PTGS2 (COX-2) expression | 0.43 | |||||
| (−) | 223 (37%) | 61 (40%) | 58 (40%) | 56 (35%) | 48 (32%) | |
| (+) | 382 (63%) | 91 (60%) | 88 (60%) | 102 (65%) | 101 (68%) | |
(%) indicates the proportion of cases with a specific clinical, pathologic, or molecular feature in a given physical activity quartile. A Chi squared P value is given for comparison across quartiles. ANOVA was used to compare the means of age and LINE-1 methylation. The Bonferroni-corrected P value for significance was P=0.0026 (0.05/19).
CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; MSI, microsatellite instability; MSS, microsatellite stable; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; SD, standard deviation.